Advancements in the preparation technology of small molecule artificial antigens and their specific antibodies: a comprehensive review

The Analyst, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 149(18), P. 4583 - 4599

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Small molecules find extensive application in medicine, food safety, and environmental studies, particularly biomedicine. Immunoassay technology, leveraging the specific recognition between antigens antibodies, offers a superior alternative to traditional physical chemical analysis methods. This approach allows for rapid accurate detection of small molecular compounds, owing its high sensitivity, specificity, swift analytical capabilities. However, compounds often struggle effectively stimulate an immune response due their low weight, weak antigenicity, limited antigenic epitopes. To overcome this, coupling molecule with macromolecular carriers form complete is typically required induce antibodies animals. Consequently, preparation small-molecule artificial production efficient are crucial achieving precise immunoassays. paper reviews recent advancements antibody emphasizing design synthesis haptens, haptens carriers, purification identification antigens, antibodies. Additionally, it evaluates current technological shortcomings limitations while projecting future trends antigen technology.

Language: Английский

Folate from probiotic bacteria and its therapeutic applications

Archives of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 207(6)

Published: April 18, 2025

Language: Английский