Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 85 - 114
Published: Dec. 17, 2024
The
discovery
of
biomarkers
has
revolutionized
the
field
oncology,
providing
critical
insights
into
processes
tumour
initiation
and
progression.
Biomarkers,
which
can
be
genetic,
proteomic,
or
metabolic
in
nature,
serve
as
vital
indicators
for
early
cancer
detection,
prognosis,
personalized
treatment
strategies.
Tumour
undergoes
various
stages
characterized
by
alterations
microenvironment,
angiogenesis,
ultimately
metastasis.
Understanding
these
at
molecular
level
is
crucial
identifying
reliable
biomarkers.
Recent
advances
high-throughput
technologies
such
next-generation
sequencing,
mass
spectrometry,
advanced
imaging
techniques
have
significantly
enhanced
ability
to
discover
validate
new
Despite
promising
advancements,
challenges
remain
translation
biomarker
discoveries
clinical
practice.
This
chapter
provides
a
detailed
current
state
discovery,
highlighting
key
findings
future
directions
this
rapidly
evolving
field.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: May 29, 2024
Background
Sepsis,
causing
serious
organ
and
tissue
damage
even
death,
has
not
been
fully
elucidated.
Therefore,
understanding
the
key
mechanisms
underlying
sepsis-associated
immune
responses
would
lead
to
more
potential
therapeutic
strategies.
Methods
Single-cell
RNA
data
of
4
sepsis
patients
2
healthy
controls
in
GSE167363
set
were
studied.
The
pseudotemporal
trajectory
analyzed
neutrophil
clusters
under
sepsis.
Using
hdWGCNA
method,
gene
modules
neutrophils
explored.
Multiple
machine
learning
methods
used
screen
validate
hub
genes
for
neutrophils.
SCENIC
was
then
explore
transcription
factors
regulating
genes.
Finally,
quantitative
reverse
transcription-polymerase
chain
reaction
mRNA
expression
peripheral
blood
two
mice
models.
Results
We
discovered
novel
subtypes
with
a
significant
increase
These
enriched
late
state
during
differentiation.
analysis
unveiled
that
3
distinct
(Turquoise,
brown,
blue
modules)
closely
correlated
subtypes.
8
revealed
high
accuracy
robustness
(ALPL,
ACTB,
CD177,
GAPDH,
SLC25A37,
S100A8,
S100A9,
STXBP2).
APLP,
STXBP2
associated
various
transcriptional
factors.
ALPL,
significantly
up
regulated
CLP
LPS-induced
Conclusions
Our
research
new
five
provide
biomarkers
targeting
treatment
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: June 25, 2024
Background
The
current
understanding
of
the
mechanisms
by
which
metal
ion
metabolism
promotes
progression
and
drug
resistance
osteosarcoma
remains
incomplete.
This
study
aims
to
elucidate
key
roles
genes
involved
in
cuproptosis-related
sphingolipid
(cuproptosis-SPGs)
regulating
immune
landscape,
tumor
metastasis,
cells.
Methods
employed
multi-omics
approaches
assess
impact
cuproptosis-SPGs
on
prognosis
patients.
Lasso
regression
analysis
was
utilized
construct
a
prognostic
model,
while
multivariate
applied
identify
core
generate
risk
coefficients
for
these
genes,
thereby
calculating
score
each
patient.
Patients
were
then
stratified
into
high-risk
low-risk
groups
based
their
scores.
ESTIMATE
CIBERSORT
algorithms
used
analyze
level
cell
infiltration
within
landscape.
Single-cell
conducted
provide
more
precise
depiction
expression
patterns
among
subtypes.
Finally,
experiments
cells
performed
validate
role
cuproptosis-sphingolipid
signaling
network
migration
apoptosis.
Results
In
this
study,
seven
identified
model
addition
predicting
survival,
also
demonstrated
reliability
forecasting
response
chemotherapy
drugs.
results
showed
that
high
closely
associated
with
reduced
CD8
T
indicated
poor
Cellular
functional
assays
revealed
regulated
LC3B/ERK
pathway,
triggering
death
impairing
capabilities
Conclusion
survival
cells,
as
well
infiltration,
highlights
potential
targeting
copper
promising
strategy
BMC Cancer,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(1)
Published: Nov. 1, 2024
Abnormal
sphingolipid
metabolism
(SM)
is
closely
linked
to
the
incidence
of
cancers.
However,
role
SM
in
pancreatic
cancer
(PC)
remains
unclear.
This
study
aims
explore
significance
prognosis,
immune
microenvironment,
and
treatment
PC.
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Nov. 13, 2024
Digestive
System
Diseases
(DSD)
primarily
include
diseases
of
the
gastrointestinal
tract
as
well
those
affecting
organs
such
spleen,
liver,
gallbladder,
and
pancreas.
Clinically,
diagnoses
are
categorized
into
organic
functional
diseases.
The
pathological
mechanisms
DSD
complex,
with
numerous
pathogenic
factors,
making
them
significant
determinants
life
expectancy
quality
life.
For
example,
pancreatic
cancer
[1]
,
colon
[2]
ehepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
[3]
leading
causes
death
associated
DSD,
while
cirrhosis
other
chronic
liver
among
most
common
DSDs
[4]
.Machine
Learning
(ML),
an
important
technology
in
field
artificial
intelligence,
studies
how
to
learn
patterns
from
large
amounts
empirical
data
classify
predict
unknown
[5]
.
By
analyzing
extensive
clinical
data,
ML
can
reveal
inherent
relationships
within
generate
corresponding
predictive
models,
reflecting
diagnosis
treatment
multiple
dimensions,
thereby
achieving
individualized,
precise,
digitalized
treatment.
Additionally,
mining
feature
genes
discriminative
capabilities
is
a
key
step
elucidating
relationship
between
gaining
deeper
understanding
disease
mechanisms,
improving
diagnostic
accuracy.
This
research
collection
comprises
seven
original
studies,
highlighting
applications
deep
learning
investigation
DSD.
included
papers
cover
use
potential
biomarkers
their
development
differentiation
prognosis
analysis.
editorial
aims
distill
essence
published
this
field,
providing
valuable
insights
facilitating
further
for
interested
scholars.Identifying
related
sample
phenotypes,
known
genes,
core
issue
analysis
gene
expression
challenging
aspect
selection.
selection
involves
choosing
optimal
subset
existing
pool,
which
crucial
constructing
efficient,
generalizable
classifiers
strong
performance.
instance,
Zhang
et
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(24), P. 13443 - 13443
Published: Dec. 15, 2024
PAK2
is
a
serine-threonine
kinase
and
member
of
the
p21-activated
(PAK)
family.
activated
by
GTP-bound
rho
family
GTPases,
Rac,
Cdc42,
it
regulates
actin
dynamics,
cell
adhesion
to
extracellular
matrix,
motility.
In
various
types
cancers,
has
been
implicated
in
regulation
cancer
proliferation,
cycle,
apoptosis.
addition,
recent
studies
have
shown
that
plays
an
important
role
metastasis,
indicating
as
potential
therapeutic
target.
This
review
discusses
discoveries
on
functions
cancers.
A
better
understanding
mechanisms
function
will
facilitate
future
development
therapies.
Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 85 - 114
Published: Dec. 17, 2024
The
discovery
of
biomarkers
has
revolutionized
the
field
oncology,
providing
critical
insights
into
processes
tumour
initiation
and
progression.
Biomarkers,
which
can
be
genetic,
proteomic,
or
metabolic
in
nature,
serve
as
vital
indicators
for
early
cancer
detection,
prognosis,
personalized
treatment
strategies.
Tumour
undergoes
various
stages
characterized
by
alterations
microenvironment,
angiogenesis,
ultimately
metastasis.
Understanding
these
at
molecular
level
is
crucial
identifying
reliable
biomarkers.
Recent
advances
high-throughput
technologies
such
next-generation
sequencing,
mass
spectrometry,
advanced
imaging
techniques
have
significantly
enhanced
ability
to
discover
validate
new
Despite
promising
advancements,
challenges
remain
translation
biomarker
discoveries
clinical
practice.
This
chapter
provides
a
detailed
current
state
discovery,
highlighting
key
findings
future
directions
this
rapidly
evolving
field.
