Mitochondria: a crucial factor in the progression and drug resistance of colorectal cancer DOI Creative Commons
Ying Zhao,

Xiaomin Guo,

Li Zhang

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Dec. 23, 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC), as one of the malignant tumors with highest incidence and mortality rates worldwide in recent years, originating primarily from mucosal tissues colon or rectum, has potential to rapidly develop into invasive cancer. Its pathogenesis is complex, involving a multitude factors including genetic background, lifestyle, dietary habits. Early detection treatment are key improving survival for patients CRC. However, pervasive problem that can become severely resistant treatment, which greatly increases complexity challenge treatment. Therefore, unraveling overcoming resistance CRC focus research. Mitochondria, energy centers cell, play crucial role cellular metabolism, supply, apoptosis process. In CRC, Mitochondrial dysfunction not only impairs normal cell function but also promotes tumor resistance. deep understanding relationship between mitochondrial mechanisms development, well by it chemotherapy drugs, development targeted therapies, enhancing drug efficacy, outcomes quality life patients.

Language: Английский

Programmed death receptor (PD-)1/PD-ligand (L)1 in urological cancers : the “all-around warrior” in immunotherapy DOI Creative Commons
Qiang Liu,

Yujing Guan,

Shenglong Li

et al.

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed ligand-1 (PD-L1) are essential molecules that key in modulating immune responses. PD-L1 is constitutively expressed on various cells, epithelial cancer where it functions as a co-stimulatory molecule capable of impairing T-cell mediated Upon binding to PD-1 activated T-cells, the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction triggers signaling pathways can induce apoptosis or anergy, thereby facilitating escape tumors. In urological cancers, including bladder (BCa), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), prostate (PCa), upregulation has been demonstrated. It linked poor prognosis enhanced tumor evasion. Recent studies have highlighted significant role axis mechanisms cancers. The between T-cells further contributes immunosuppression by inhibiting activation proliferation. Clinical applications checkpoint inhibitors shown promising efficacy treating advanced significantly improving patient outcomes. However, resistance these therapies, either intrinsic acquired, remains challenge. This review aims provide comprehensive overview pathway We summarize regulatory mechanism underlying expression activity, genetic, epigenetic, post-transcriptional, post-translational modifications. Additionally, we discuss current clinical research inhibitors, their therapeutic potential, challenges associated with resistance. Understanding crucial for developing new strategies overcome limitations enhance immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

Citations

16
Evaluation of peripheral blood inflammation indexes as prognostic markers for colorectal cancer metastasis DOI Creative Commons
Xin Shen,

Mengying Xiang,

Jiadai Tang

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value peripheral blood inflammation indexes in patients with metastatic Colorectal Cancer (CRC) and establish a predictive scoring system. A total 324 CRC diagnosed through pathological examination from January 2017 July 2022 at Third Affiliated Hospital Kunming Medical University were included. prognosis examined, correlation between IL-10 expression tissues serum analyzed. results showed that poorer when metastasis occurred (P < 0.001). Additionally, highly expressed group = 0.018), positively correlated 0.037). neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-white cell (LWR), aggregate index systemic (AISI), monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR), inflammatory response (SIRI), nutritional (PNI), advanced lung cancer (ALI), interleukin-10 (IL-10) calculated determined by ROC curve. critical values 2.135, 3.735, 353.745, 0.265, 1.025, 52.975, 353.635, 11.25, respectively. Inflammatory an AUC more than 0.6 selected, each colorectal patient any these risk factors assigned score one. then divided into two groups: 0–4 for low-risk 4–8 high-risk group. occurrence distant metastases groups statistically OS PFS significantly superior those 0.05). These findings indicate NLR, LWR, AISI, MLR, SIRI, PNI, ALI, are patients. Therefore, prediction scores can be used effectively CRC.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Chitosan-based hydrogels in cancer therapy: Drug and gene delivery, stimuli-responsive carriers, phototherapy and immunotherapy DOI

Hailin Zhu,

Haowei Sun, Jingyuan Dai

et al.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 282, P. 137047 - 137047

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Exploring the cytotoxic effects of bioactive compounds from Alcea rosea against stem cell driven colon carcinogenesis DOI Creative Commons
Ruhban Ansar Parry, Irfan Ahmad Mir, Basharat Ahmad Bhat

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Seven compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of Alcea rosea and examined for their cytotoxicity against HCT116, HT29 SW480 colon cancer cells. It was found that two (C4 C5) exhibited strong anti-colon activities. These used to study properties include MTT activity (with IC50 C4 as 74.71, 129.0 131.4 µg/ml in respectively, whereas C5 128.1, 168.4 225.8 cells respectively), colony formation activity, wound healing spheroid DAPI-PI staining, acridine-orange ethidium bromide ROS measurement, rhodamine-123 staining both HCT116 Both the showed significant increase apoptosis visualized by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindol/propidium iodide (DAPI-PI) acridine orange/ethidium (AO/EtBr) staining. The induction further confirmed expressions cleaved PARP caspase 3. generation its effect on MMP measured with Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) Rhodamine. Expression levels EMT associated markers like Cyclin D1, Slug, Vimentin, E-Cadherin also studied. down regulate protein Vimentin a concentration-dependent manner. Eeffect key signaling Wnt3a, Notch1, Shh evaluated. Additionally, mRNA these genes analyzed. best binding affinity when docked Wnt3a Notch1. Similarly, − 8.8, -8.2 7.6 kcal⋅mol− 1 Shh, present findings provide insight immense scientific support integrity piece indigenous knowledge. However, validation living organisms is necessary before progressing clinical trials advancing it into marketable pharmaceutical product.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Gut Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer: A Balance Between Risk and Protection DOI Open Access
Vlad Ionescu, Camelia Cristina Diaconu, Gina Gheorghe

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 3733 - 3733

Published: April 15, 2025

The gut microbiome, a complex community of microorganisms residing in the intestinal tract, plays dual role colorectal cancer (CRC) development, acting both as contributing risk factor and protective element. This review explores mechanisms by which microbiota contribute to CRC, emphasizing inflammation, oxidative stress, immune evasion, production genotoxins microbial metabolites. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli (pks+), Bacteroides fragilis promote tumorigenesis inducing chronic generating reactive oxygen species, producing virulence factors that damage host DNA. These can also evade antitumor response suppressing cytotoxic T cell activity increasing regulatory populations. Additionally, microbial-derived metabolites such secondary bile acids trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) have been linked carcinogenic processes. Conversely, microbiota, including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, homeostasis short-chain fatty (SCFAs) like butyrate, exhibit anti-inflammatory anti-carcinogenic properties. beneficial microbes enhance barrier integrity, modulate responses, inhibit tumor proliferation. Understanding dynamic interplay between pathogenic is essential for developing microbiome-based interventions, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation, prevent or treat CRC. Future research should focus on identifying biomarkers early CRC detection exploring personalized microbiome-targeted therapies. A deeper understanding host–microbiota interactions may lead innovative strategies management improved patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Development of a machine learning-derived programmed cell death index for prognostic prediction and immune insights in colorectal cancer DOI Creative Commons
Jinping Li, Yan Jiang,

S H Nong

et al.

Discover Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 24, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Pathways and molecules for overcoming immunotolerance in metastatic gastrointestinal tumors DOI Creative Commons

Qixin Gan,

Yue Li, Yuejun Li

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 5, 2024

Worldwide, gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is recognized as one of the leading malignancies diagnosed in both genders, with mortality largely attributed to metastatic dissemination. It has been identified that GI cancer, a variety signaling pathways and key molecules are modified, emergence an immunotolerance phenotype. Such modifications pivotal malignancy’s evasion immune detection. Thus, thorough analysis contributing cancer’s vital for advancing our comprehension propelling creation efficacious pharmacological treatments. In response this necessity, review illuminates selection groundbreaking cellular associated including Phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Akt, Janus kinase/Signal Transducer Activator Transcription 3, Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer activated B cells, Transforming Growth Factor-beta/Smad, Notch, Programmed Death-1/Programmed Death-Ligand 1, Wingless INT-1/beta-catenin-Interleukin 10. Additionally, we examine array pertinent like Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase, Human Leukocyte Antigen G/E, Glycoprotein A Repetitions Predominant, Clever-1, Interferon regulatory factor 8/Osteopontin, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-domain containing-3, Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule Cell division control protein 42 homolog, caspases-1 -12.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
High-throughput screening for optimizing adoptive T cell therapies DOI Creative Commons
Yuchen Zhang,

Qinglong Xu,

Zhifei Gao

et al.

Experimental Hematology and Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

Abstract Adoptive T cell therapy is a pivotal strategy in cancer immunotherapy, demonstrating potent clinical efficacy. However, its limited durability often results primary resistance. High-throughput screening technologies, which include both genetic and non-genetic approaches, facilitate the optimization of adoptive therapies by enabling selection biologically significant targets or substances from extensive libraries. In this review, we examine advancements high-throughput technologies their applications therapies. We highlight use for cells, tumor other promising combination strategies, elucidate role identifying small molecules targeted delivery systems relevant to therapies, providing guidance future research applications.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Exploiting cell death and tumor immunity in cancer therapy: challenges and future directions DOI Creative Commons

Jiaan Lu,

Ru He,

Yang Liu

et al.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 3, 2024

Cancer remains a significant global challenge, with escalating incidence rates and substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Herein, we present an in-depth exploration of the intricate interplay between cancer cell death pathways tumor immunity within microenvironment (TME). We begin by elucidating epidemiological landscape cancer, highlighting its pervasive impact premature mortality pronounced in regions such as Asia Africa. Our analysis centers pivotal concept immunogenic (ICD), whereby cells succumbing to specific stimuli undergo transformation that elicits robust anti-tumor immune responses. scrutinize mechanisms underpinning ICD induction, emphasizing release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) key triggers for dendritic (DC) activation subsequent T priming. Moreover, explore contributions non-apoptotic RCD pathways, including necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, TME. Emerging evidence suggests these alternative modalities possess properties can synergize conventional treatments bolster Furthermore, discuss therapeutic implications targeting TME treatment, strategies harness manipulate benefit. By crosstalk modulation TME, this review aims pave way development novel therapies exploit overcome Challenges Development implementation Novel Therapies.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Machine learning-based prediction of gastroparesis risk following complete mesocolic excision DOI Creative Commons
Wei Wang,

Zhu Yan,

Zhanshuo Zhang

et al.

Discover Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Sept. 27, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

0