When Extracellular Vesicles Go Viral: A Bird’s Eye View

Pathogens and Immunity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 140 - 158

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

The science of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a rapidly growing field that spans multiple aspects normal physiology and pathophysiology. EVs play critical role in most basic biological processes cell-cell communications under conditions disease. have “gone viral” not only terms research popularity, but also our realization they exhibit an elaborate crosstalk with viruses, particularly the enveloped ones, which are released by cells as part their virulence cycle yet replicative. Here, we highlight some complexities underlying EV-virus pathways provide insights on key challenges from viewpoint EV biology.

Language: Английский

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Cell Progression and Survival Functions of Enzymes Secreted in Extracellular Vesicles Associated with Breast and Prostate Cancers

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 468 - 468

Published: March 21, 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound cargoes secreted by normal and pathological cells. Through their protein, nucleic acid, lipid cargoes, EVs mediate several cellular processes, such as cell–cell communication, cell development, immune response, tissue repair. Most importantly, through enzyme cargo, pathophysiological including the pathogenesis of cancer. In this review, we enumerate enzymes in (EV cargo) from cells patient clinical samples breast prostate cancers detail contributions to progression survival both cancers. Findings review reveal that EV cargo could exert functions via adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis. The might also influence chemoresistance, radioresistance, angiogenesis, death inhibition, colony formation, evasion. While current literature provides evidence possible mechanisms cancers, future studies required validate these effects modified provide insights into applications

Language: Английский

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Exosomes derived from a mesenchymal-like endometrial regenerative cells ameliorate renal ischemia reperfusion injury through delivery of CD73

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 26, 2025

Renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major contributor to graft dysfunction and inflammation leading loss. The deregulation of purinergic signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis renal I/R injury. CD73 generation adenosine during purine metabolism protect against A mesenchymal-like endometrial regenerative cell (ERC) demonstrated significant therapeutic effect on phenotypic marker human exosomes (ERC-Exo). However, its immunosuppressive function regulating largely neglected. Here, we investigate protective effects mechanism ERC-Exo Lentivirus-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 technology was employed obtain CD73-specific knockout (CD73−/−ERC-Exo). C57BL/6 mice who underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction were divided into Untreated, ERC-Exo-treated, CD73−/−ERC-Exo-treated groups. pathological assessed 3 days after reperfusion. infiltration CD4+ T cells macrophages analyzed by flow cytometry immunofluorescence staining kidneys. CD73-mediated activity investigated bone marrow-derived (BMDM) co-culture assay vitro. Flow determined macrophage polarization. ELISA Treg proliferation assays detected macrophages. Furthermore, role MAPK pathway CD73-positive Exo-induced polarization also elucidated. Compared with Untreated groups, Exo effectively improved serum creatinine (sCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), necrosis detachment tubular epithelial cells, proteinaceous casts induced ischemia. capacity differentiation immune microenvironment. Surprisingly, ERC-Exosomal significantly decreased populations M1 but increased proportions M2 markedly reduced levels proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10) level immunoregulatory associated (including ERK1/2 p38 pathways), which exerted potent I/R. These data collected insight how facilitated hydrolysis ATP ADO via CD73. critical modulator pathway, inducing shift towards an phenotype. This study highlights significance contributing

Language: Английский

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Purinergic Signaling in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Bridging the Gap between Cell-Based Strategies and Neuro-Immune Modulation

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1310 - 1310

Published: June 13, 2024

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is still increasing, which means that this neurodevelopmental lifelong pathology requires special scientific attention and efforts focused on developing novel therapeutic approaches. It has become increasingly evident neuroinflammation dysregulation neuro-immune cross-talk are specific hallmarks ASD, offering the possibility to treat these disorders by factors modulating neuro-immunological interactions. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy already been postulated as one approaches for ASD; however, less known about molecular mechanisms cell influence. One possibilities, although underestimated, paracrine purinergic activity MSCs, cells ameliorate inflammatory reactions. Modulation adenosine signaling may help restore neurotransmitter balance, reduce neuroinflammation, improve overall brain function in individuals with ASD. In our review article, we present a insight into signaling, including but not limited adenosinergic pathway its role modulation. We anticipate achieving greater understanding contribution ASD related disorders, strategies be devised patients near future.

Language: Английский

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Clodronate Reduces ATP-Containing Microvesicle Releasing Induced by Nociceptive Stimuli in Human Keratinocytes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(15), P. 8435 - 8435

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

Clodronate (Clod), a first-generation bisphosphonate, acts as natural analgesic inhibiting vesicular storage of the nociception mediator ATP by nucleotide transporter (VNUT). Epidermal keratinocytes participate in cutaneous nociception, accumulating within vesicles, which are released following different stimulations. Under stress conditions, produce microvesicles (MVs) shedding from plasma membrane evagination. MV secretion has been identified novel and universal mode intercellular communication between cells. The aim this project was to evaluate if two nociceptive stimuli, Capsaicin Potassium Hydroxide (KOH), could stimulate human keratinocytes, these MVs contain ATP, Clod inhibit phenomenon. In our cellular model, HaCaT keratinocyte monolayer, both KOH stimulated release after 3 h incubation, contained ATP. Moreover, (5 µM) able reduce Caps-induced abolish one induced, while Dansylcadaverine, an endocytosis inhibitor uptake, partially failed block bisphosphonate activity. Based on new data given role activation vehicle for pain, “old” provide pharmacological basis develop local drugs.

Language: Английский

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Enzymatic Regulation of the Gut Microbiota: Mechanisms and Implications for Host Health

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 1638 - 1638

Published: Dec. 20, 2024

The gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem, is vital to host health as it aids digestion, modulates the immune system, influences metabolism, and interacts with brain-gut axis. Various factors influence composition of this microbiota. Enzymes, essential catalysts, actively participate in biochemical reactions that have an impact on microbial community, affecting both microorganisms environment. Enzymes play important role regulation intestinal but interactions between enzymes communities, well precise mechanisms enzymes, remain challenge scientific research. serve traditional nutritional functions, such breakdown substrates into absorbable small molecules, non-nutritional roles, which encompass antibacterial function, immunomodulation, maintenance, stress reduction, among others. This study categorizes according their source explores mechanistic principles by drive activity, including promotion proliferation, direct elimination harmful microbes, modulation bacterial interaction networks, reduction stress. A systematic understanding regulating microbiota associated molecular will facilitate application precisely regulate future suggest new therapeutic strategies dietary recommendations. In conclusion, review provides comprehensive overview modulating It underlying cellular discusses potential applications enzyme-mediated for health.

Language: Английский

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ENPP1/CD203a-targeting heavy-chain antibody reveals cell-specific expression on human immune cells

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 82(1)

Published: Dec. 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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