The protective role of muscone in the development of COPD

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Background Muscone, a key component of musk, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. However, its therapeutic potential in inflammatory lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate whether Muscone could exert protective effect mouse model COPD vivo . Methods A animal was established by exposing mice cigarette smoke (CS) and administering lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intranasally. After 4 weeks, were treated daily with dexamethasone (DEX) or different doses for 3 weeks. Mouse body weight, function, histopathology determined. Serum levels cytokines (IL-38, IL-1β, IL-17, TGF-β, IFN-γ) measured using ELISA qRT-PCR. Lung expression CXCR3, IFN-γ, IL-17A, RORγt assessed immunofluorescence. Results The weight significantly lower than that Muscone-treated mice, consistent decreased accompanied reduced circulating IL-38 levels. administration, function improved, upregulation cytokines, including IL-38, dose-dependent manner, while the pro-inflammatory reduced. Additionally, inhibited protein tissues mice. Conclusion demonstrates improves COPD, potentially through mechanism may involve modulation cytokine expression, IL-38. precise underlying mechanisms Muscone’s effects remain be fully elucidated. Further research is needed correlation between pathophysiology specific treatment, more detailed analysis balance pro- mediators models, particularly utilizing GKO further role mediating Muscone.

Language: Английский

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The complex roles of IL-36 and IL-38 in cancer: friends or foes?

Oncogene, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 8, 2025

Abstract The interleukin-36 (IL-36) family comprises of three pro-inflammatory receptor agonists (IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ), two anti-inflammatory antagonists (IL-36RA IL-38) along with the IL-36 (IL-36R). Part IL-1 cytokine superfamily, was discovered in early 2000s due to homology its member sequences cytokines. As pro- cytokines, respectively, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ IL-38 aid maintaining homoeostasis by reciprocally regulating body’s response damage disease through IL-36R-associated signalling. With significant roles immune realised, interest has grown investigating their cancer. While initial studies indicated solely tumour-suppressing roles, more recent work identified tumour-promoting cancer, suggesting a complex dual functionality activity cancer is similarly complex, antagonist displaying distinct tumour-suppressive particularly colorectal (CRC), addition broad various other malignancies. This review provides comprehensive overview activation IL-36R signalling, physiological functions these

Language: Английский

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The distinct roles of IL-37 and IL-38 in non-small cell lung carcinoma and their clinical implications

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 21, 2025

Lung cancer, a significant global health challenge, is primarily classified into non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cancer. Despite advancements in targeted therapies immunotherapies, NSCLC outcomes remain poor, with low five-year survival rates. Given the lung’s constant exposure to environment presence of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues, immunity plays crucial role development. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 have shown promise. However, adverse immune events limit their efficacy. This review highlights contrasting roles IL-37 IL-38 pathogenesis. IL-37, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, suppresses tumour growth. It achieves this by modulating macrophage polarization dendritic maturation. Correlations between intra-tumoral expression improved suggest protective NSCLC. may be mediated through VEGF inhibition regulation. Conversely, IL-38, while certain contexts, exhibits pro-tumorigenic enhances progression increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion facilitating evasion, potentially NF-κB signalling. Notably, negatively regulates further promoting tumorigenesis. Emerging data that has therapeutic potential inhibiting metastasis supporting modulation. In contrast, presents target for mitigating microenvironment effects. The distinct these cytokines emphasize complex dynamics Further exploration molecular mechanisms implications warranted. Targeting offer novel strategies enhancing treatment

Language: Английский

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Balancing the Scales: The Dual Role of Interleukins in Bone Metastatic Microenvironments

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(15), P. 8163 - 8163

Published: July 26, 2024

Bone metastases, a common and debilitating consequence of advanced cancers, involve complex interplay between malignant cells the bone microenvironment. Central to this interaction are interleukins (ILs), group cytokines with critical roles in immune modulation inflammation. This review explores dualistic nature pro-inflammatory anti-inflammatory emphasizing their molecular mechanisms, pathological impacts, therapeutic potential. Pro-inflammatory interleukins, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, have been identified key drivers promoting osteoclastogenesis, tumor proliferation, angiogenesis. These create favorable environment for cancer cell survival degradation, contributing progression metastatic lesions. Conversely, including IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, exhibit protective by modulating responses inhibiting osteoclast activity. Understanding these opposing effects is crucial developing targeted therapies aimed at disrupting processes metastases. Key signaling pathways, NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPK, mediate actions influencing survival, recruitment, remodeling. Targeting pathways presents promising avenues. Current treatment strategies, use denosumab, tocilizumab, emerging agents like bimekizumab ANV419, highlight potential interleukin-targeted mitigating However, challenges resistance, side effects, long-term efficacy remain significant hurdles. also addresses diagnostic prognostic biomarkers, offering insights into patient stratification personalized approaches. Interleukins multifaceted that depend on context, environment, types, cellular interactions. Despite substantial progress, gaps research persist, particularly regarding precise mechanisms which influence niche broader clinical implications. While not exhaustive, overview underscores metastases highlights need continued fully elucidate interactions Addressing will be essential advancing our understanding patients.

Language: Английский

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