Progress and challenges in glypican-3 targeting for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(10), P. 895 - 909

Published: Oct. 2, 2024

Introduction Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a cell membrane-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan that has recently garnered attention as cancer antigen owing to its high expression in numerous cancers, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and limited adult normal tissue.

Language: Английский

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The Role of NK Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms, Evasion Strategies, and Therapeutic Advances

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 857 - 857

Published: April 2, 2025

Background/Objectives: Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in tumor surveillance by exerting cytotoxic activity and modulating immune responses. However, tumors employ diverse evasion strategies that limit NK cell effectiveness. This review aims to explore the molecular mechanisms of activation inhibition cancer, influence microenvironment, latest advancements cell-based immunotherapies, including adoptive transfer Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Natural Killer (CAR-NK) therapies. Methods: A comprehensive literature was conducted, prioritizing peer-reviewed studies from last decade on biology, evasion, immunotherapeutic applications. The analysis includes data preclinical models clinical trials evaluating expansion strategies, cytokine-based stimulation, CAR-NK therapy developments. Results: eliminate through granule release, death receptor pathways, cytokine secretion. evade NK-mediated immunity downregulating activating ligands, secreting immunosuppressive molecules, altering microenvironment. Novel therapies, such as combination approaches with checkpoint inhibitors, enhance persistence therapeutic efficacy against both hematologic solid malignancies. Clinical suggest improved safety profiles compared CAR-T reduced release syndrome graft-versus-host disease. Conclusions: While immunotherapies hold great promise, challenges remain, limited tumor-induced immunosuppression. Addressing these hurdles will be critical for optimizing therapies advancing next-generation, off-the-shelf immunotherapeutics broader

Language: Английский

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Breaking barriers: CAR-NK cell therapy breakthroughs in female-related cancers

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 187, P. 118071 - 118071

Published: April 19, 2025

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analyses to develop an NK cell-derived gene signature for prognostic assessment and precision medicine in breast cancer

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Oct. 23, 2024

Background Natural killer (NK) cells play crucial roles in mediating anti-cancer activity breast cancer (BRCA). However, the potential of NK cell-related molecules predicting BRCA outcomes and guiding personalized therapy remains largely unexplored. This study focused on developing a prognostic therapeutic prediction model for by incorporating genes. Methods The data analyzed primarily originated from TCGA GEO databases. role was evaluated, marker genes were identified via single-cell analysis. Module closely associated with immunotherapy resistance bulk transcriptome-based weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Following taking intersection LASSO regression, NK-related (NKRGs) relevant to prognosis screened, signature subsequently constructed. Analyses further expanded clinicopathological relevance, GSEA, tumor microenvironment (TME) analysis, immune function, responsiveness, chemotherapeutics. Key NKRGs screened machine learning validated spatial transcriptomics (ST) immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results Tumor-infiltrating are favorable factor BRCA. By combining scRNA-seq transcriptomic analyses, we 7 (CCL5, EFHD2, KLRB1, C1S, SOCS3, IRF1, CCND2) developed an risk scoring (NKRS) system. reliability NKRS verified through survival clinical relevance analyses across multiple cohorts. also demonstrated robust predictive power various aspects, including TME landscape, functions, responses, chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Additionally, KLRB1 CCND2 emerged as key external validation, their expression confirmed specimens ST IHC. Conclusions We novel gene that has proven valuable evaluating treatment response BRCA, expecting advance precision medicine

Language: Английский

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Advances in cellular therapies for children and young adults with solid tumors

Current Opinion in Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 21, 2024

Adoptive immunotherapy brings hope to children and young adults diagnosed with high-risk solid tumors. Cellular (cell) therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell, CAR natural killer (NK) cell (TCR) therapy are potential avenues of targeted limited long-term toxicities. However, development for tumors is in its nascent stages. Here, we will review the current clinical experience, barriers efficacy, strategies improve response patient access.

Language: Английский

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