Stem cell-based therapies and organoid models: Advancing tuberculosis treatment and research

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 12

Published: March 20, 2025

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a global health challenge despite advances in conventional treatments. The limitations of traditional anti-tuberculosis therapies, such as prolonged treatment duration, drug resistance, and tissue damage, necessitate innovative approaches. Stem cell-based therapies have emerged promising avenue due to their immunomodulatory, regenerative, drug-delivery capabilities. This review discussed the pathogenesis potential various stem cell types, including mesenchymal cells (MSCs), hematopoietic (HSCs), induced pluripotent (iPSCs), management. It delved into mechanisms, immune regulation, repair, targeted delivery. Additionally, this summarized application cell-derived organoid technology establishing vitro models. These organoids, three-dimensional structures derived from cells, mimic architecture function organs like lungs, providing platform study Mtb infection dynamics, host-pathogen interactions, screening. Altogether, therapy, complemented organoid-based models, offers transformative for advancing research, particularly drug-resistant immunocompromised patients.

Language: Английский

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Can Humanized Immune System Mouse and Rat Models Accelerate the Development of Cytomegalovirus-Based Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases and Cancers?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 3082 - 3082

Published: March 27, 2025

Over the past three decades, immunodeficient mouse models carrying human immune cells, with or without lymphoid tissues, termed humanized system (HIS) rodent models, have been developed to recapitulate and associated responses. HIS successfully modeled many human-restricted viral infections, including those caused by cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immunodeficiency virus (HIV). also used model cancer immunobiology, which exhibits differences from murine cancers in traditional models. Variants of that carry liver lung tissue, skin patient-derived tumor xenografts hematopoietic stem cells-derived-human cells tissue probe responses infections tumors. HCMV-based vaccines are human-restricted, poses limitations for mechanistic efficacy studies using animal The vaccine approach is a promising strategy as it induces robust effector memory T cell may be critical preventing rapidly controlling persistent cancers. Here, we review novel development primary secondary tissues could address mice their use research. We reviewed rat allow long-term (greater than one year) vaccinology better pathophysiology. Translating laboratory research findings clinical application significant bottleneck development; rodents related variants more accurately immunology diseases increase translatability findings.

Language: Английский

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Bird’s Eye View on Mycobacterium tuberculosis–HIV Coinfection: Understanding the Molecular Synergism, Challenges, and New Approaches to Therapeutics

ACS Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 14, 2025

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), is the most common secondary infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected population, accounting for more than one-fourth of deaths people living with HIV (PLWH). Reciprocally, increases susceptibility to primary TB or reactivation latent several folds. The synergistic interactions between M.tb and not only potentiate their deleterious impact but also complicate clinical management both diseases. M.tb-HIV coinfected patients have a high risk failure accurate diagnosis, treatment inefficiency HIV, concurrent nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, other comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, severe cytotoxicity due drug overburden, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). need hour understand coinfection biology collective on host immunocompetence think out-of-the-box perspectives, including host-directed therapy under rising view homeostatic medicines. This review aims highlight molecular players, from pathogens host, that facilitate host-associated proteins/enzymes regulating immunometabolism, underlining potential targets designing screening chemical inhibitors reduce burden concomitantly during coinfection. To appreciate necessity revisiting therapeutic approaches research priorities, we provide glimpse anti-TB antiretroviral drug-drug interactions, project gaps our understanding biology, enlist some key initiatives will help us deal epidemic

Language: Английский

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T Cell Responses during Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Mycobacterium tuberculosis Coinfection

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 901 - 901

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

Coinfection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a significant public health concern. Individuals infected Mtb who acquire HIV are approximately 16 times more likely to develop active tuberculosis. T cells play an important role as both targets for infection mediators of immune response against pathogens. This review aims synthesize current literature provide insights into effects HIV/Mtb coinfection on cell populations their contributions immunity. Evidence from multiple in vitro vivo studies demonstrates that helper responses severely compromised during coinfection, leading impaired cytotoxic responses. Moreover, HIV’s targeting Mtb-specific cells, including those within granulomas, offers explanation severe progression disease. Herein, we discuss patterns differentiation, exhaustion, transcriptomic changes well metabolic adaptations necessary maintenance functionality. highlights interconnectedness pathogenesis coinfection.

Language: Английский

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