Delta variant (B.1.617.2) of SARS-CoV-2: Mutations, impact, challenges and possible solutions

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(5)

Published: May 4, 2022

Since commencement of COVID-19 pandemic, several SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged amid containment efforts via vaccination. The Delta variant (B.1.617.2), discovered in October 2020, was designated as a VOC by the WHO on May 11, 2021. enhanced transmissibility has been associated with critical mutations such D614G, L452R, P681R, and T478K S-protein. increased affinity S-protein ACE2 postulated key reason for decreased vaccine efficacy. As per evidence, possesses efficacy compared to other VOCs like Alpha Beta. This led concerns regarding acquisition novel outbreaks vulnerable communities, including vaccinated people. In this mini-review variant, we explained its evolution characteristics, impact spike infectivity immune evasion, measures combat future outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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Update on the omicron sub‐variants BA.4 and BA.5

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33(1)

Published: Aug. 26, 2022

Abstract Several nations have recently begun to relax their public health protocols, particularly regarding the use of face masks when engaging in outdoor activities. This is because there has been a general trend towards fewer cases coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, new Omicron sub‐variants (designated BA.4 and BA.5) emerged. These two subvariants are thought be cause an increase COVID‐19 South Africa, United States, Europe. They also spread throughout Asia. evolved from lineage with characteristics that make them even more contagious which allow circumvent immunity previous infection or vaccination. article reviews number scientific considerations about these variants, including apparently reduced clinical severity.

Language: Английский

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Historical evolution of healthcare systems of post-soviet Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, and Azerbaijan: A scoping review

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. e29550 - e29550

Published: April 1, 2024

This scoping review addresses the transformation and development of new healthcare systems in nine countries -Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan over period following collapse Soviet Union from 1991 to present. assessment focuses on maternal child health, mental communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases an effort highlight changes status these under scrutiny. Considering that all post-Soviet nations are officially recognized members World Health Organization (WHO) have demonstrated their commitment attaining WHO's objectives, evaluation system progress improvement was carried out utilizing indicators provided by WHO. reveals evolution could be considered sustainable, given average life expectancy has returned level it 1991- year USSR's breakup, people's health improved since turn twenty-first century. To enhance potential success future reforms, however, governments must monitor implementation reform process, evaluate achievement make necessary adjustments. The will depend active involvement government, medical community, patient as well obtaining support local authorities. study may help identify successful failed strategies, guiding investments.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric population before and during the Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants era

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Sept. 8, 2022

COVID-19, the coronavirus disease that emerged in December 2019, caused drastic damage worldwide. At beginning of pandemic, available data suggested infection occurs more frequently adults than infants. In this review, we aim to provide an overview SARS-CoV-2 children before and after B.1.617.2 Delta B.1.1.529 Omicron variants emergence terms prevalence, transmission dynamics, clinical manifestations, complications risk factors.

Language: Английский

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Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients Infected by the Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: May 9, 2022

Background Currently, as the omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) surges amid disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, its clinical characteristics with intrinsic severity and protection from vaccination have been understudied. Methods We reported 169 COVID-19 patients that were infected SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized in Suzhou, China, February to March 2022, their demographic information, medical/immunization history, symptom, hematological profile. At same time, none/partial (one-dose), full (two-dose) three–dose also compared assess vaccine effectiveness. Findings For included this study, median age was 33.0 [interquartile range (IQR): 24.0–45.5], 53.3% male duration illness onset hospitalization days. Hypertension, bronchitis, diabetes leading comorbidities among patients. While common symptoms cough, fever, expectoration, fatigue, etc., asymptomatic took up a significant portion (46.7%). parameters, most values revealed alleviated pathogenicity induced by infection. No critically ill or deceased due infection study. Interpretation Our results supported viremic effect became milder than previous circulating variants, while booster shot greatly desired for an effective against severity.

Language: Английский

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A comparative overview of SARS‑CoV‑2 and its variants of concern

Infezioni in Medicina, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(3)

Published: Aug. 30, 2022

S ARS-CoV-2 is a virus that engendered COV- ID-19, which evolved from the SARS-CoV wild-type virus.Several novel variations developed during COVID-19 pandemic, some of are known as Variants Concern (VOC).VOCs classified Alpha (B.1.1.7),Beta (B.1.351),Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529)by WHO [1].These five SARS-CoV-2 VOCs have substantial level pathogenicity transmissibility.New variants widely recognized interest (VOI) been determined based on their transmissibility, severity sickness, diagnostic escape, immunological escape.In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coronavirus outbreak began in Wuhan, China, quickly spread to practically every corner globe, killing millions people.SARS-CoV-2 produced numerous variants, identified concern (VOC) by World Health Organization (WHO) (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron).We conducted comparative epidemiological analysis its VOC this paper.We compared effects vari-SUMMARY ous spike (S) protein mutations illness severity, hospitalization risk, fatality rate, evasion, vaccine efficacy review.We also looked into clinical characteristics patients infected with VOC.

Language: Английский

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Mutational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2: Impact on future COVID-19 vaccine strategies

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. e30208 - e30208

Published: April 25, 2024

The rapid emergence of multiple strains Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has sparked profound concerns regarding the ongoing evolution virus and its potential impact on global health. Classified by World Health Organization (WHO) as variants concern (VOC), these exhibit heightened transmissibility pathogenicity, posing significant challenges to existing vaccine strategies. Despite widespread vaccination efforts, continual SARS-CoV-2 presents a formidable obstacle achieving herd immunity. Of particular is coronavirus spike (S) protein, pivotal viral surface protein crucial for host cell entry infectivity. Mutations within S have been shown enhance confer resistance antibody-mediated neutralization, undermining efficacy traditional platforms. Moreover, undergoes molecular under selective immune pressure, leading diverse with distinct mutation profiles. This review underscores urgent need vigilance adaptation in development efforts combat evolving landscape mutations ensure long-term effectiveness immunization campaigns.

Language: Английский

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Intrinsic D614G and P681R/H mutations in SARS-CoV-2 VoCs Alpha, Delta, Omicron and viruses with D614G plus key signature mutations in spike protein alters fusogenicity and infectivity

Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 212(1), P. 103 - 122

Published: Dec. 30, 2022

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been rapidly evolving over the time and genetic variation led to generation of Variants Concerns (VoC), which have shown increased fitness. These VoC viruses contain key mutations in spike protein allowed better survival evasion host defense mechanisms. D614G mutation domain is found majority VoC; additionally, P681R/H at S1/S2 furin cleavage site junction also be highly conserved major VoCs; Alpha, Delta, Omicron, its’ current variants. impact these alterations VoCs on cell entry, transmissibility, infectivity not clearly identified. In our study, Delta + P681R synthetic double mutant pseudoviruses showed a significant increase cell-to-cell fusion infectivity. contrast, Omicron P681H single TMPRSS2 independent less as compared mutants. Addition exogenous trypsin further enhanced Omicron. Furthermore, susceptibility both E64d Camostat mesylate inhibitors suggesting, that could exploit endosomal dependent entry pathways virus. Taken together, results indicate are pivotal might favoring replication different compartments, thus allowing balance vs selection for long-term adaptation.

Language: Английский

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Olfactory and gustatory disorders in COVID-19

Allergo Journal International, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(7), P. 243 - 250

Published: June 20, 2022

Summary Loss of olfaction is one the symptoms most commonly reported by patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although spontaneous recovery rate high, recent studies have shown that up to 7% remain anosmic for more than 12 months after onset infection, leaving millions people worldwide suffering from severe olfactory impairment. Olfactory training remains first recommended treatment. With continued lack approved drug treatments, new therapeutic options are being explored. This article reviews current state science on COVID-19-related disorders, focusing epidemiology, pathophysiology, cure rates, currently available treatment options, and research treatments.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 in Pakistan: A national analysis of five pandemic waves

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(12), P. e0281326 - e0281326

Published: Dec. 29, 2023

Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic showed distinct waves where cases ebbed and flowed. While each country had slight, nuanced differences, lessons from wave with country-specific details provides important for prevention, understanding medical outcomes the role of vaccines. This paper compares key characteristics five different in Pakistan. Methods Data was sourced daily national situation reports (Sitreps) prepared by National Emergency Operations Centre (NEOC) Islamabad. We use specific criteria to define waves. start is marked day lowest number preceding a sustained increase, while end following 7-days decline, which should be lower than 7 days it. Key variables such as tests, cases, deaths their rates change peak then trough are used draw descriptive comparisons. Additionally, linear regression model estimates new Results Pakistan saw waves, displayed typical topology complete infectious disease epidemic. time wave-start became progressively shorter, wave-peak trough, longer. Each appears also getting except 4, lasted longer 3. A one percent increase vaccinations decreased 0.38% (95% CI: -0.67, -0.08) 5 association statistically significant. Conclusion that must interpreted context level response variant driving indicators suggest preventive measures kept pace disease. Waves 1 2 were mainly about prevention learning how clinically manage patients. Vaccination started late during 3 its impact on hospitalizations visible 5. highly virulent strains Alpha/B.1.1.7 Delta/B.1.617.2 variants milder but more Omicron/B.1.1.529 apparent.

Language: Английский

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