Oxford University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 14
Published: May 7, 2024
Abstract
This
chapter
provides
a
brief
history
of
the
use
microbes
to
study
adaptation
and
diversification
in
laboratory
foundational
principles
theory
on
which
subject
is
based.
I
review
methods
used
propagate
as
well
those
measure
key
properties
interest
such
fitness.
As
it
now
standard
practice
supplement
results
selection
experiments
with
genomic
data,
what
often
referred
evolve-and-resequence
experiments,
discussion
these
techniques
kinds
information
obtained
included.
The
closes
by
briefly
introducing
examples
microbial
evolution
chosen
because
they
have
become
emblematic
approaches
field.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 11, 2025
ABSTRACT
Inoculation
of
plant-beneficial
microbes
into
agricultural
soils
can
improve
crop
growth,
but
such
outcomes
depend
on
microbial
survival.
Here,
we
assessed
how
exposure
to
prior
environmental
conditions
impacts
in-soil
fitness,
particularly
focusing
incubation
in
liquid
culture
as
an
unavoidable
phase
inoculant
production
and
pre-incubation
target
a
potential
method
performance.
We
conducted
experimental
evolution
phosphorus-solubilizing
bacterial
species,
Priestia
megaterium
,
(i)
soil
only,
(ii)
media
(iii)
followed
by
media,
using
population
metagenomic
sequencing
track
mutations
over
time.
Several
typical
vitro
evolutionary
phenomena
were
observed
media-incubated
populations,
including
clonal
interference,
genetic
hitchhiking,
mutation
parallelism
between
replicate
the
sporulation
transcription
factor
spo0A
.
Liquid
populations
also
developed
clear
fitness
reduction
compared
ancestral
isolate.
However,
soil-incubated
grew
slowly,
experienced
far
fewer
generations
despite
longer
absolute
time,
accumulated
minimal
mutational
changes.
Correspondingly,
did
not
display
improved
survival
isolate
their
soils,
though
there
appear
be
minor
reductions
unfamiliar
soil.
This
work
demonstrates
that
adaptation
and/or
native
impact
new
more
complex
real-world
habitats
does
closely
resemble
media.
IMPORTANCE
Innovative
solutions
are
needed
address
emerging
challenges
agriculture
while
reducing
its
footprint.
Management
microbiomes
could
contribute
this
effort,
plant
growth-promoting
microorganisms
provide
key
ecosystem
services
support
crops.
Yet,
inoculating
beneficial
farm
yields
unreliable
results.
require
greater
knowledge
ecology
these
taxa
functioning
sustainable
agroecosystems.
In
report,
demonstrate
laboratory
lingering
another
negatively
species.
go
further
highlight
underlying
give
rise
patterns.
These
insights
leveraged
our
understanding
soil-dwelling
adapt
different
pressures.
mSystems,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: Feb. 15, 2022
Aluminum
(Al)
toxicity
is
the
primary
limiting
factor
of
crop
production
in
acidic
soils
with
pH
<5.0.
Numerous
studies
have
focused
on
mechanism
Al
and
tolerance
plants;
however,
effects
soil
microorganisms
their
remain
less
studied.
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Feb. 14, 2023
Global
warming
is
expected
to
have
a
direct
impact
on
plant
disease
patterns
in
agro-eco-systems.
However,
few
analyses
report
the
effect
of
moderate
temperature
increase
severity
due
soil-borne
pathogens.
For
legumes,
modifications
root
plant-microbe
interactions
either
mutualistic
or
pathogenic
climate
change
may
dramatic
effects.
We
investigated
increasing
quantitative
resistance
Verticillium
spp.,
major
fungal
pathogen,
model
legume
Medicago
truncatula
and
crop
M.
sativa.
First,
twelve
strains
isolated
from
various
geographical
origin
were
characterized
with
regard
their
vitro
growth
pathogenicity
at
20°C,
25°C
28°C.
Most
them
exhibited
as
optimum
for
parameters,
between
20°C
pathogenicity.
Second,
V.
alfalfae
strain
was
adapted
higher
by
experimental
evolution,
i.e.
three
rounds
UV
mutagenesis
selection
28°C
susceptible
genotype.
Inoculation
monospore
isolates
these
mutants
resistant
accessions
revealed
that
they
all
more
aggressive
than
wild
type
strain,
some
had
acquired
ability
cause
Third,
one
mutant
selected
further
studies
response
sativa
(cultivated
alfalfa).
The
seven
contrasted
genotypes
alfalfa
varieties
inoculation
followed
using
colonization,
With
temperature,
lines
switched
(no
symptoms,
no
fungus
tissues)
tolerant
symptoms
but
into
phenotypes,
partially
susceptible.
Further
greenhouse
evidence
reduction
fitness
lines.
thus
are
affected
anticipated
global
warming,
trends
towards
increased
susceptibility
larger
virulence
hot-adapted
strains.
New
threats
pathogens,
possibly
wider
host
range
aggressiveness,
might
occur.
Microbial
fuel
cells
are
an
emerging
field
in
which
microorganisms
used
to
generate
energy
from
trash.
Plants'
photosynthetic
ability
is
a
subset
of
microbial
cultivate
microorganisms.
Various
types
have
been
tested
over
the
last
two
decades
cleanse
wastewater
while
also
producing
bioelectricity.
This
paper
presents
comprehensive
overview
topic
bioelectricity
bacteria,
highlighting
most
recent
developments
and
advancements
cells.
The
review
begins
with
keywords
that
chosen,
were
narrowed
down
interest.
An
examination
contributions
various
countries,
universities,
publications
engaged
this
research
offered.
study
conducted
critical
analysis
systematically
selected
literature.
After
early
studies,
lateral
literature
inclusion
was
accomplished
by
snowballing
using
forward
backward
search.
attempt
has
made
identify
gaps
areas
for
improvement
new
waste
recovery.
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
10(5), P. 856 - 856
Published: April 21, 2022
Invading
pathogens
interact
with
plant-associated
microbial
communities,
which
can
be
altered
under
the
pressure
of
pathogen
infection.
Limited
information
exists
on
plant–microbe
interactions
occurring
during
natural
outbreaks
in
agricultural
fields.
Taproot
decline
(TRD)
soybean
is
an
emerging
disease
caused
by
Xylaria
necrophora.
TRD
occurrence
and
yield
loss
associated
are
outstanding
issues
production.
We
applied
nuclear
ribosomal
DNA
Internal
Transcribed
Spacers
16S
rRNA
gene
taxonomic
marker
sequencing
to
define
composition
fungal
bacterial
communities
healthy
diseased
roots
collected
from
Mississippi
Delta.
The
plant
compartment
was
a
significant
factor
regulating
diversity,
followed
status
plant.
impacted
root
endophytes,
causing
imbalances;
at
intermediate
advanced
stages
TRD,
X.
necrophora
decreased
mycobiome
whereas
it
increased
microbiome
richness.
Networks
co-occurrence
co-exclusion
relationships
revealed
direct
indirect
associations
among
taxa
identified
hubs
potential
roles
assembling
TRD-affected
biomes.
These
studies
advance
understanding
host–microbe
part
biomes
health
disease.
New Phytologist,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
244(3), P. 962 - 979
Published: Aug. 19, 2024
Summary
Hosts
and
pathogens
typically
engage
in
a
coevolutionary
arms
race.
This
also
applies
to
phytopathogenic
powdery
mildew
fungi,
which
can
rapidly
overcome
plant
resistance
perform
host
jumps.
Using
experimental
evolution,
we
show
that
the
pathogen
Blumeria
hordei
is
capable
of
breaking
agriculturally
important
broad‐spectrum
conditioned
by
barley
loss‐of‐function
mlo
mutants.
Partial
virulence
evolved
B.
isolates
correlated
with
distinctive
pattern
adaptive
mutations,
including
small‐sized
(
c.
8–40
kb)
deletions,
one
linked
de
novo
insertion
transposable
element.
Occurrence
mutations
associated
transcriptional
induction
effector
protein‐encoding
genes
absent
‐avirulent
on
mutant
plants.
The
detected
mutational
spectrum
comprises
same
loci
at
least
two
independently
isolated
‐virulent
isolates,
indicating
convergent
multigenic
evolution.
events
emerged
part
early
(within
first
five
asexual
generations)
during
likely
generating
founder
population
incipient
was
later
stabilized
additional
events.
work
highlights
rapid
dynamic
genome
evolution
an
obligate
biotrophic
transposon‐enriched
genome.
