Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(4), P. 385 - 396
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
The
decomposition
of
a
corpse
is
long
process
in
time
and
one
the
irreversible,
as
it
due
to
natural
need
for
recycling
nutrients
dead
organic
matter
(dead
bodies
humans
animals).
duration
varies
within
very
wide
boundaries:
from
several
months
hundred
thousands
years.
article
conducted
an
analytical
review
works
on
processes
occurring
body,
staging
decomposition,
possibilities
forensic
medical
reconstruction
conditions
postmortem
period,
including
establishment
post-mortal
interval.
A
modern
approach
consideration
changes
presented,
indicating
that
establishing
conformity
pathomorphology
tissues
its
underlying
abiotic
biotic
factors
can
be
justification
actual
stages.
However,
degradation
characteristics
depend
number
acting
together
often
catalytically
or
inhibitively
each
other.
All
these
changes,
with
possibility
their
comprehensive
analysis
(taking
into
account
numerous
affecting
dynamics),
play
crucial
role
postmortal
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(3), P. 1046 - 1046
Published: Jan. 26, 2025
Estimating
the
post
mortem
interval
(PMI)
is
a
crucial
and
contentious
issue
in
forensic
research,
particularly
criminal
cases.
Traditional
methods
for
PMI
estimation
are
limited
by
constraints
inaccuracies.
Circular
RNA
(circRNA),
formed
through
exon
or
intron
looping
to
create
complete
circular
structure
without
5′
end
cap
3′
poly(A)
tail,
exhibits
exceptional
stability,
abundance,
tissue-specific
characteristics
that
make
it
potentially
valuable
estimation.
However,
research
on
exploration
application
of
circRNA
has
been
limited.
This
study
aims
investigate
correlation
between
PMI.
In
this
study,
liver
tissue
samples
were
collected
from
mice
at
six
different
time
points
4
°C,
18
25
35
respectively.
The
reference
gene
28S
rRNA
biomarker
circRnf169
successfully
screened.
Quantitative
PCR
was
employed
examine
levels
At
level
decreased
with
prolonged
PMI,
whereas
degraded
rapidly,
indicating
suitable
low
temperatures
early
These
findings
suggest
establishment
mathematical
model
based
using
tissue,
which
may
serve
as
reliable
marker.
Further
required
order
develop
more
markers
and/or
validate
these
models
human
samples.
Diagnostics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(18), P. 2992 - 2992
Published: Sept. 19, 2023
Background:
The
integration
of
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
into
various
fields
has
ushered
in
a
new
era
multidisciplinary
progress.
Defined
as
the
ability
system
to
interpret
external
data,
learn
from
it,
and
adapt
specific
tasks,
AI
is
poised
revolutionize
world.
In
forensic
medicine
pathology,
algorithms
play
crucial
role
data
analysis,
pattern
recognition,
anomaly
identification,
decision
making.
This
review
explores
diverse
applications
medicine,
encompassing
such
ballistics,
traumatic
injuries,
postmortem
interval
estimation,
toxicology,
more.
Results:
A
thorough
113
articles
revealed
subset
32
papers
directly
relevant
research,
covering
wide
range
applications.
These
included
ballistics
additional
factors
shooting,
post-mortem
sexual
assaults/rape,
crime
scene
reconstruction,
virtual
autopsy,
medical
act
quality
evaluation.
studies
demonstrated
feasibility
advantages
employing
technology
facets
pathology.
Conclusions:
pathology
offers
promising
prospects
for
improving
accuracy
efficiency
medico-legal
practices.
From
identification
have
shown
potential
reduce
human
subjectivity,
mitigate
errors,
provide
cost-effective
solutions.
While
challenges
surrounding
ethical
considerations,
security,
algorithmic
correctness
persist,
continued
research
technological
advancements
hold
key
realizing
full
As
field
continues
evolve,
it
an
increasingly
pivotal
future
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(10), P. 2509 - 2509
Published: Oct. 7, 2023
The
relevance
of
postmortem
microbiological
examinations
has
been
controversial
for
decades,
but
the
boom
in
advanced
sequencing
techniques
over
last
decade
is
increasingly
demonstrating
their
usefulness,
namely
estimation
interval.
This
comprehensive
review
aims
to
present
current
knowledge
about
human
microbiome
(the
necrobiome),
highlighting
main
factors
influencing
this
complex
process
and
discussing
principal
applications
field
forensic
sciences.
Several
limitations
still
hindering
implementation
microbiology,
such
as
small-scale
studies,
lack
a
universal/harmonized
workflow
DNA
extraction
technology,
variability
microbiome,
limited
access
cadavers,
are
discussed.
Future
research
should
focus
on
identifying
stable
biomarkers
within
dominant
Bacillota
Pseudomonadota
phyla,
which
prevalent
during
periods
standardization,
method
consolidation,
establishment
microbial
bank
crucial
consistency
comparability.
Given
complexity
unique
signatures
robust
databases,
promising
future
approach
may
involve
deepening
our
understanding
specific
bacterial
species/strains
that
can
serve
reliable
interval
indicators
body
decomposition.
Microorganisms
might
have
potential
complement
routine
tests
judicial
processes,
requiring
investigations
machine-learning
models
bridge
gaps
adhere
Locard’s
principle
trace
evidence.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(7), P. 3432 - 3432
Published: April 6, 2025
Microbiota
have
emerged
as
a
promising
tool
for
estimating
the
post-mortem
interval
(PMI)
in
forensic
investigations.
The
role
of
oral
and
nasal
microbiota
cadaver
decomposition
is
crucial;
however,
their
distribution
across
human
cadavers
at
different
PMIs
remains
underexplored.
In
this
study,
we
collected
88
swab
samples
from
cavities
10
healthy
volunteers
34
cadavers.
Using
16S
rRNA
gene
sequencing,
conducted
comprehensive
analyses
alpha
diversity,
beta
relative
abundance
to
characterize
microbial
communities
both
individuals
varying
under
freezing
conditions.
Random
forest
models
identified
Firmicutes,
Proteobacteria,
Bacteroidota,
Actinobacteriota,
Fusobacteriota
potential
PMI-associated
biomarkers
phylum
level
groups,
along
with
genus-level
specific
each
group.
These
exhibited
nonlinear
changes
over
increasing
PMI,
turning
points
observed
on
days
5,
12,
22.
random
inference
demonstrated
that
genus
levels
achieved
lowest
mean
absolute
error
(MAE)
values
training
dataset
(MAE
=
2.16
days)
testing
5.14
days).
Additionally,
had
minimal
impact
overall
phylum-level
composition,
although
it
did
affect
certain
phyla.
At
level,
significant
differences
were
between
frozen
unfrozen
cadavers,
group
showing
greater
stability
compared
findings
suggest
influence
should
be
considered
when
using
data
estimate
PMIs.
Overall,
our
results
highlight
robust
tools
PMI
estimation
emphasize
need
further
research
refine
predictive
explore
environmental
factors
shaping
dynamics.
