bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 25, 2023
Summary
Background
Multidrug-resistant
(MDR)
Salmonella
Infantis
has
disseminated
worldwide,
mainly
linked
to
the
consumption
of
poultry
products.
Evidence
shows
dissemination
this
pathogen
in
Chile;
however,
studies
are
primarily
limited
phenotypic
data
or
involve
few
isolates.
As
human
cases
infections
have
substantially
increased
recent
years,
a
better
understanding
its
molecular
epidemiology
and
antimicrobial-resistance
profiles
required
inform
effective
surveillance
control
measures.
Methods
We
sequenced
396
genomes
analyzed
them
with
all
publicly
available
from
Chile
(440
total),
representing
isolates
environmental,
food,
animal,
sources
obtained
2009
2022.
Based
on
bioinformatic
methods,
we
assessed
population
structure,
among
different
niches,
AMR
country.
Findings
The
genomic
phylogenetic
analyses
showed
that
comprised
several
clusters
highly
related
dominated
by
sequence
type
32.
HC20_343
cluster
grouped
an
important
proportion
latter
was
only
associated
pESI-like
megaplasmids,
up
12
acquired
genes/mutations
predicted
result
MDR
phenotype.
Accordingly,
antimicrobial-susceptibility
testing
revealed
strong
concordance
between
genetic
determinants
their
matching
expression,
indicating
significant
produce
extended-
spectrum
β-lactamases
intermediate
fluoroquinolone
resistance.
were
spread
showing
close
relationship
years
sources,
low
intra-source
diversity.
Interpretation
Our
findings
show
widespread
Chile.
high
resistance
first-line
antibiotics
evidence
active
transmission
environment,
animals,
humans
highlight
urgency
improved
measures
predominate
Americas,
our
results
suggest
prevalence
ESBL-
producing
continent.
Funding
Agencia
de
Investigación
y
Desarrollo
(ANID)
through
FONDECYT
Postdoctorado
Folio
3230796
3210317,
Regular
1231082,
ANID
–
Millennium
Science
Initiative
Program
ICN2021_044.
Research
context
before
study
In
last
decade,
emergent
multidrug-resistant
product
consumption.
However,
most
countries
Americas
Region,
such
as
Chile,
extent
remains
unknown.
May
September
2023,
online
search
conducted
using
Google
engine
PMC
database
terms
“
,”
“Infantis,”
“Chile,”
no
language
restrictions.
select
those
presenting
antimicrobial
resistance,
epidemiologic,
directly
(13
studies).
selected
poultry-meat
production
systems,
antibiotics,
number
infection
caused
serovar
since
2014-2016.
these
reports
involved
analysis
(<50)
same
source.
No
at
country
level.
Added
value
Here,
present
first
large-scale
including
found
is
divided
into
single
cluster,
HC20_343,
multiple
megaplasmids.
also
report
irrigation
water,
poultry,
cases.
Detection
coupled
antimicrobial-
susceptibility
indicated
ESBL-producers
ciprofloxacin.
Population
structure
foodborne
evidenced
niches.
This
reveals
Implications
indicates
emerging
spreading
various
causing
Its
used
for
treating
salmonellosis
individuals
higher
risk
severe
invasive
concerning.
Currently,
efforts
reduce
focused
industry,
outbreaks
does
not
include
whole-genome
analyses.
urgent
necessity
improve
agricultural
waters
prevent
contamination
further
genes
environment.
prevalent
research
involving
would
shed
light
routes
continent
may
contribute
informing
policies.
Frontiers in Veterinary Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: March 25, 2025
Surveillance
of
antimicrobial
resistance
(AMR)
in
Salmonella
livestock
(poultry,
pig,
and
cattle)
is
crucial
to
maintain
food
safety.
Given
the
lack
information
on
situation
Paraguay,
aim
this
study
was
determine
most
frequent
serovars
poultry,
pig
cattle
sampled
slaughterhouses
country
2020–22
along
with
their
AMR
phenotypes
using
data
from
a
national
pilot
program.
Out
1,161
samples
collected
slaughtered
animals
originating
189
farms
nationwide,
isolated
91/384
(23.7%)
52/390
(13.3%)
pigs
6/387
(1.6%)
cattle.
Seven
were
identified
Heidelberg
being
(82.4%
91
isolates),
while
Panama
(48.1%)
Typhimurium
(38.5%),
only
two
(Cerro
Braenderup)
The
proportion
resistant
isolates
ranged
extremely
high
(70–83%
for
nalidixic
acid
tetracycline)
(25–40%
nitrofurantoin
ampicilin)
low-moderate
(8–18%
cefixime,
cefotaxime,
amoxicillin,
trimethoprim-
sulfamethoxazole)
very
low-low
(<6%
ciprofloxacin
gentamicin)
depending
antimicrobial.
Up
23
different
profiles
found,
ranging
pansusceptible
(18/143
isolates)
2–7
antimicrobials
(median
=
2),
predominant
poultry
swine
typically
≥3
antimicrobials.
These
results
should
be
backed-up
genomic
analyses
genetic
mechanisms
involved
observed
order
support
coordinated
actions
surveillance
control
country.
Journal of Medical Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
74(3)
Published: March 25, 2025
Introduction.
Salmonella
contamination
in
the
poultry
industry
poses
substantial
health
risks,
especially
due
to
biofilm-forming
strains
that
resist
disinfection
and
antibiotic
treatment.
Biofilm-forming
are
particularly
challenging
control,
as
they
adhere
surfaces
production
environments,
leading
persistent
contamination.
This
study
assesses
prevalence
of
,
examines
resistance
patterns
evaluates
biosecurity
effectiveness
at
farms
Kazakhstan.
Hypothesis/Gap
Statement.
There
is
limited
data
on
Kazakhstan’s
industry,
highlighting
a
need
characterize
these
inform
effective
control
measures.
Aim.
The
purpose
this
was
systematically
identify
strains,
including
types,
within
industrial
enterprises
Methodology.
A
total
660
samples
were
collected
from
various
sites,
feed,
water
sources,
cloacal
flushes
shoe
covers.
detection
followed
standardized
protocols,
sensitivity
identified
analysed
evaluate
patterns.
Results.
detected
11.5%
(95%
CI)
samples,
with
highest
observed
covers,
flushes,
feed
water.
rate
indicates
significant
presence
pathogen
country’s
chain,
falling
between
higher
rates
seen
countries
like
China
(22.2%)
Egypt
(29.1%)
lower
Brazil
(3.4%).
most
prevalent
strain
gallinarum-pullorum
(61.8%),
by
typhimurium
(18.4%)
enteritidis
(14.5%).
Antibiotic
analysis
revealed
S.
largely
susceptible
common
antibiotics,
while
displayed
considerable
resistance,
emphasizing
for
alternative
treatments.
Conclusion.
findings
underscore
importance
strict
sanitary
hygiene
standards
throughout
production,
particular
focus
managing
strains.
Implementing
comprehensive
Hazard
Analysis
Critical
Control
Points
protocols
essential
address
hotspots
effectively.
Future
studies
should
investigate
genetic
mechanisms
underlying
biofilm
formation
targeted
interventions,
ultimately
improving
food
safety
public
outcomes.
Applied Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
4(2), P. 745 - 752
Published: April 30, 2024
Studies
have
shown
that
the
production
of
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
is
triggered
by
bactericidal
antibiotics,
which
contributes
significantly
to
killing
bacterial
cells
and
increasing
mutations
in
surviving
cells.
In
this
study,
we
hypothesized
exposure
Salmonella
sublethal
concentrations
hypochlorite
(NaOCl),
a
commonly
used
sanitizer
household
food
industries
increases
mutation
rates,
leading
development
antibiotic
resistance.
We
found
concentration
(20
ppm)
NaOCl
increased
rates
S.
typhimurium
14028s
(p
<
0.05),
was
prevented
ROS
scavenger
thiourea,
supporting
due
NaOCl-triggered
production.
further
same
resistance
kanamycin
among
3
antibiotics
evaluated.
The
results
study
suggest
when
applied
as
fails
kill
diluted
local
or
presence
organic
materials,
it
can
cause
an
adverse
outcome
developing
pathogen.
Scientific Horizons,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
27(7), P. 20 - 31
Published: June 1, 2024
The
aim
of
the
study
was
to
investigate
prevalence
and
resistance
biofilm-forming
Salmonella
strains
on
poultry
farms
in
Kazakhstan,
Latvia,
Turkey.
During
study,
samples
faeces,
tissues
(liver
intestines)
water
from
drinkers
were
collected
analysed
January
December
2023.
isolated
identified
using
standard
microbiological
methods.
A
total
150
identified,
which
90
obtained
faecal
samples,
40
tissue
20
samples.
distribution
by
country
showed
that
Latvia
Turkey,
largest
number
Of
80
Enteritidis
strains,
most
ability
form
biofilms,
as
determined
crystal
violet
method,
with
subtypes
SE1
SE2
showing
highest
propensity
for
biofilm
formation.
Among
Typhimurium
a
significant
formation
found
ST1
subtype.
Antibiotic
disc
diffusion
method.
higher
antibiotic
compared
non-biofilm-forming
strains.
isolated,
105
at
least
one
antibiotics
tested,
level
among
Correlation
analysis
revealed
positive
relationship
between
resistance.
results
demonstrate
need
introduce
development
new
methods
control
prevention
infections
farms,
would
take
into
account
peculiarities
certain
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Aug. 19, 2024
The
resistance
of
foodborne
pathogens
to
antimicrobial
agents
is
a
potential
danger
human
health.
Hence,
establishing
the
status
good
agricultural
practices
(GAPs)
and
susceptibility
major
has
significant
programmatic
implication
in
planning
interventions.
objective
this
study
was
assess
gap
attaining
GAP
estimate
prevalence
profile
Salmonella
vegetable
farms
fertilized
with
animal
manure
Addis
Ababa,
Ethiopia.
A
total
81
from
four
sub-cities
Ababa
were
visited,
1119
samples
collected:
soil
(n
=
271),
375),
vegetables
398),
dairy
cattle
feces
75).
Additional
data
collected
using
structured
questionnaire.
Isolation
done
standard
microbiology
techniques
testing
conducted
disk
diffusion
assays.
Carriage
for
genes
tested
polymerase
chain
reaction
(PCR).
Among
24.7%
used
without
any
treatment,
27.2%
properly
stored
80.2%
easily
accessible
animals.
2.3%
at
sample
level,
17.3%
farm
2.5%
vegetables.
highest
rate
recorded
streptomycin,
80.7%
(21
26),
followed
by
kanamycin,
65.4%
(17
gentamicin,
61.5%
(16
26).
Multidrug
detected
isolates.
Vegetable
have
GAPs,
which
could
contribute
increased
contamination
transfer
application
including
proper
preparation
compost
appropriate
use
antimicrobials
veterinary
practices,
are
recommended
reduce
emergence
spread
resistance.
International Journal of Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
2024(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Salmonella
spp.
is
one
of
the
leading
causes
foodborne
bacterial
infections,
with
major
impacts
on
public
health
and
healthcare
system.
commonly
transmitted
via
fecal‐to‐oral
route,
food
contaminated
bacteria
(e.g.,
poultry
products)
considered
a
common
source
infection,
being
potential
risk
for
health.
The
study
aims
to
characterize
antimicrobial
resistance‐
virulence‐associated
genes
in
isolates
recovered
from
chicken
marketed
carcasses
(
n
=
20).
presence
14
23
virulence
was
evaluated
using
end‐point
PCR.
were
detected
following
proportion
among
isolates:
b
l
TEM
100%,
dfrA1
CMY2
90%
18),
aadA1
75%
15),
sul1
sul2
50%
10),
floR
45%
9),
qnrD
20%
4),
aadA2
15%
3).
catA
,
sul3
qnrS
aac(6′)-Ib
absent
all
isolates.
Regarding
genes,
strains
contain
invA
fimA
avrA
msgA
sopB
sopE
.
cdtB
gene
present
95%
19)
isolates,
whereas
spvC
spvB
55%
11).
Other
such
as
spiC
lpfC
lpfA
csgA
18)
strains.
several
meat
suggests
pathogenicity
strains,
which
relevant
given
possibility
cross‐contamination
represents
significant
threat
