bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 17, 2023
Abstract
Plastic
debris
in
the
ocean
serves
as
a
stable
ground
for
formation
of
complex
ecosystem,
termed
plastisphere,
which
includes
variety
organisms
from
different
taxonomic
groups.
Not
much
is
known
about
relationships
between
plastisphere
communities.
In
this
study
we
describe
novel
symbiotic
relationship
marine
fungus
and
several
species
diatoms
on
plastic
surfaces
that
were
submerged
water
Mediterranean
Sea
marina
Israel.
Scanning
electron
microscope
images
revealed
network
fungal
hyphae
with
multiple
diatom
cells
attached
to
them
via
side
or
tip
their
body.
Using
DNA
metabarcoding
Internal
Transcribed
Spacer
(ITS)
barcode
locus,
found
belongs
phylum
Ascomycota,
it
more
abundant
low
density
polyethylene
(LDPE)
compared
other
polymers
glass.
We
hypothesize
observed
may
have
mutual
benefits
both
parties,
including
surface-anchoring
nutritional
fungus,
reflects
recent
adaptation
life
floating
debris.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(1), P. 593 - 593
Published: Jan. 2, 2024
Plastic
production
has
increased
dramatically,
leading
to
accumulated
plastic
waste
in
the
ocean.
Marine
plastics
can
be
broken
down
into
microplastics
(<5
mm)
by
sunlight,
machinery,
and
pressure.
The
accumulation
of
organisms
release
additives
adversely
affect
health
marine
organisms.
Biodegradation
is
one
way
address
pollution
an
environmentally
friendly
manner.
microorganisms
more
adapted
fluctuating
environmental
conditions
such
as
salinity,
temperature,
pH,
pressure
compared
with
terrestrial
microorganisms,
providing
new
opportunities
pollution.
Pseudomonadota
(Proteobacteria),
Bacteroidota
(Bacteroidetes),
Bacillota
(Firmicutes),
Cyanobacteria
were
frequently
found
on
biofilms
may
degrade
plastics.
Currently,
diverse
plastic-degrading
bacteria
are
being
isolated
from
environments
offshore
deep
oceanic
waters,
especially
Pseudomonas
spp.
Bacillus
Alcanivoras
Actinomycetes.
Some
fungi
algae
have
also
been
revealed
degraders.
In
this
review,
we
focused
advances
biodegradation
their
enzymes
(esterase,
cutinase,
laccase,
etc.)
involved
process
polyethylene
terephthalate
(PET),
polystyrene
(PS),
(PE),
polyvinyl
chloride
(PVC),
polypropylene
(PP)
highlighted
need
study
sea.
Water,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(2), P. 348 - 348
Published: Jan. 20, 2024
Plastic
debris
is
a
growing
threat
in
freshwater
ecosystems
and
transport
models
predict
that
many
plastics
will
sink
to
the
benthos.
Among
most
common
found
Laurentian
Great
Lakes
sediments
are
polyethylene
terephthalate
(especially
fibers;
PET),
polyvinylchloride
(particles;
PVC),
styrene-butadiene
rubber
resulting
from
tire
wear
(“crumb
rubber”;
SBR).
These
materials
vary
substantially
physical
chemical
properties,
their
impacts
on
benthic
biogeochemistry
microbial
community
structure
function
largely
unknown.
We
used
microcosm
approach
evaluate
impact
of
these
three
benthic-pelagic
coupling,
sediment
using
Irondequoit
Bay,
major
embayment
Lake
Ontario
Rochester,
New
York,
USA.
Benthic
metabolism
nitrogen
phosphorous
cycling
were
all
uniquely
impacted
by
different
polymers.
PET
fibers
PVC
particles
demonstrated
unique
effects,
with
decreased
ecosystem
containing
greater
nutrient
uptake
PVC.
Microbial
diversity
was
reduced
treatments
plastic,
but
SBR
had
substantial
function,
increasing
relative
importance
metabolic
pathways
such
as
hydrocarbon
degradation
sulfur
metabolism.
Our
results
suggest
individual
polymers
have
benthos,
divergent
implications
for
function.
This
provides
deeper
insight
into
myriad
ways
plastic
pollution
may
aquatic
help
inform
risk
assessment
policy
interventions
highlighting
which
pose
greatest
risk.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: Jan. 24, 2025
Shewanella
is
a
genus
of
Gram-negative
marine
bacteria
with
some
species
associated
human
and
shellfish
illnesses.
This
study
evaluated
the
abundance
in
oysters
seawater
from
Chesapeake
Maryland
Coastal
Bays
at
four
sites
between
2019
2021.
Physicochemical
parameters
such
as
temperature,
salinity,
dissolved
oxygen,
turbidity,
pH,
chlorophyll-a,
rainfall
within
last
48
h,
total
solids,
atmospheric
pressure
were
also
recorded
to
evaluate
if
there
was
correlation
environmental
level
Shewanella.
The
highest
counts
1.8
×
10
7
CFU/g
4.0
2
CFU/mL
seawater.
16S
rRNA
sequencing
performed
on
1,344
representative
isolates
which
890
(713
oyster,
177
seawater)
confirmed
16
species.
top
isolated
S.
khirikhana
known
shrimp
pathogen
(49%),
marisflavi
(19%),
loihica
(11%),
algae
(8%).
Testing
for
alpha
beta
hemolysis
all
isolates.
Beta
observed
405
(46%)
313
92
In
oysters,
beta-hemolysis
most
prevalent
(233
344
isolates,
68%),
while
64
(70%)
beta-hemolytic
strains.
Beta-hemolysis
suggests
that
these
could
be
potentially
pathogenic
Correlations
physicochemical
attributes
counts.
Only
temperature
oxygen
correlated
(
r
=
0.45
−
0.41),
respectively.
No
correlations
abundances
oysters.
Results
suggest
virulent
strains
may
present
Bays,
perhaps
consequence
rising
temperatures.
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
20(2), P. e0318843 - e0318843
Published: Feb. 6, 2025
Over
recent
decades,
marine
microorganisms
have
increasingly
adapted
to
plastic
debris,
forming
distinct
plastic-attached
microbial
communities.
Despite
this,
the
colonization
and
succession
processes
on
surfaces
in
environments
remain
poorly
understood.
To
address
this
knowledge
gap,
we
conducted
a
microbiome
experiment
using
four
common
polymers
(PE,
PP,
PS,
PET),
as
well
glass
wood,
temperature-controlled
seawater
system
over
2-
90-day
period.
We
employed
long-read
16S
rRNA
metabarcoding
profile
prokaryotic
microbiome’s
taxonomic
composition
at
five
time
points
throughout
experiment.
By
applying
Weighted
Gene
Co-expression
Network
Analysis
(WGCNA)
our
data,
identified
unique
signatures
for
77
bacterial
genera
observed
polymer-specific
enrichment
39
genera.
Our
findings
also
revealed
that
most
significant
variations
across
occurred
during
initial
stages,
with
potential
intra-genus
relationships
are
linked
surface
preferences.
This
research
advances
understanding
of
dynamics
debris
introduces
robust
statistical
approach
identifying
specific
taxa.
Environmental Microbiome,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
20(1)
Published: March 17, 2025
Studies
into
biofilm
interactions
with
microplastic
polymers
in
marine
environments
are
widespread
the
literature.
Increasing
evidence
suggests
that
lotic
microplastics
a
significant
contributor
and
may
accumulate
harmful
or
pathogenic
organisms,
thereby
contributing
to
degradation
of
ecosystems
where
they
meet
riverine
systems.
Suboptimal
water
quality
these
systems
influence
biomes.
This
project
compared
microbial
diversity
biofilms
developed
on
natural
stone
substrates
an
impaired
unimpaired
section
Quinnipiac
River
Watershed.
In
this
project,
impairment
was
studied
based
via
16S
rRNA
gene
sequencing
while
monitoring
total
colony
fecal
coliform
counts
using
standard
sampling
methods.
Total
were
greater
site
than
Honeypot
Brook
tributary
substrate
substrate.
Sequenced
features
class
level
dominated
by
Alphaproteobacteria,
Betaproteobacteria,
Gammaproteobacteria,
comprising
75%
community
biome.
Simpson's
Diversity
indices
indicated
within
two
substrates,
there
little
variation
between
communities.
However,
it
noted
alpha
trended
slightly
lower
stone.
Further
analysis
common
aquatic
enteropathogens
showed
genus
Citrobacter
significantly
more
abundant
at
both
locations.
Our
results
indicate
waterbodies
burden
retain
bacterial
loads
waterbodies.
Increased
compromised
have
additive
impact.
Water
remediation
careful
recommended
reduce
effect.
Comparing
study
environmental
could
provide
valuable
insight
preferential
surface
attachment
bacteria
onto
microplastic.
