Stochasticity Highlights the Development of Both the Gastrointestinal and Upper-Respiratory-Tract Microbiomes of Neonatal Dairy Calves in Early Life

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 361 - 361

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

The microbiome of dairy calves undergoes extensive change due to various forces during the first weeks life. Importantly, diseases such as bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and calf diarrhea can have profound impacts on early-life microbiome. Therefore, a longitudinal, repeated-measures pilot study was designed characterize establishment nasal fecal microbiomes calves, assess governing microbial assembly, evaluate how states impact these ecologies. Dairy (n = 19) were clinically evaluated for gastrointestinal across three beginning at age ≤ seven days old. Fecal 57) samples taken paired-end 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Taxonomy diversity analyses used microbiomes. Stochasticity determinism measured using normalized stochasticity testing (NST) Dirichlet multinomial model (DMM). All tested statistical significance. Clinical observed in 11 19 calves. BRD not independently among cohort; however, two presented clinical signs both diarrhea. Taxonomic analysis revealed that highlighted by Bacteroidaceae (40%; relative abundance), Ruminococcaceae (13%), Lachnospiraceae (10%), with changes (Kruskal–Wallis; p < 0.05) composition (PERMANOVA; 0.05). reduced but did composition. Nasal featured Moraxellaceae (49%), Mycoplasmataceae (16%), Pasteurellaceae (3%). While no seen samples, compositional (p NST metrics > 0.01) DMM stochastic, neutral theory-based assembly dynamics govern distinct populations drive community healthy diarrheic

Language: Английский

---

Understanding the Diversity and Roles of the Ruminal Microbiome

The Journal of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 62(3), P. 217 - 230

Published: March 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Effects of Age in Fecal Microbiota and Correlations with Blood Parameters in Genetic Nucleus of Cattle

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1331 - 1331

Published: June 29, 2024

This study aimed to determine the impact of age on fecal microbiota in genetic nucleus cattle, with a focus microbial richness, composition, functional diversity, and correlations blood parameters. Fecal samples from 21 cattle were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Older exhibited greater bacterial diversity abundance, significant changes alpha indices (p < 0.05). Beta analysis revealed variations composition between groups interaction sex Correlations community hematological values highlighted influence bovine health. Beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcaceae, more abundant older suggesting role gut Functional indicated that younger had significantly metabolic pathways fermentation anaerobic chemoheterotrophy. These findings suggest management strategies including tailored probiotic therapies, dietary adjustments, targeted health monitoring enhance livestock performance. Further research should include comprehensive analyses better correlate age-related variations, enhancing understanding complex interactions microbiota, age, reproductive status.

Language: Английский

---

Taxonomic diversity of the large intestine microbiota of cows with different levels of essential elements in the body

Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 107(4), P. 266 - 282

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Microelements such as iron, manganese, copper, cobalt, selenium and zinc are vital play an important role in the growth productivity of farm animals. Excess or deficiency essential elements leads to deviations development animals a general deterioration health metabolic processes. The microbiome gastrointestinal tract ruminants is participant many processes body will also respond changes mineral metabolism. aim work was study relationship between elemental composition hair, milk state colon microbiome. According were divided into 2 groups (n = 15): Group I (control) - level microelements (Cu, Zn, Co, Se, Mn, Fe) within reference values, II below lower limit values. Cu, Fe Mn significantly (P≤0.05) by 21.4; 20; 30.1; 17.9; 40.3 30.2% group relative I. Also, hair cows II, content calcium (-7.3%, P≤0.05) chromium (-5.67%, higher concentration silicon (+36.4%, P≤0.05), mercury (+6.73%, nickel (+11.6%, noted comparison with Similarly, from copper (-23.3%, (-3.19%, (-7.96%, than large intestine characterized biodiversity. In taxonomic intestinal microbiota abundance bacteria taxa Lachnospiraceae, Alistipes, Prevotella, which active producers short-chain fatty acids, noted. obtained data show importance studying myrobiota against background imbalance trace animal prospects for managing correcting elementoses.

Language: Английский

---

Ruminal digestion, gastrointestinal microbial profile, and metabolic pathways after the introduction of silicon-containing ultrafine particles into bull

Veterinary World, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1070 - 1081

Published: April 1, 2025

Background and Aim: Nanotechnology offers innovative strategies to enhance livestock productivity sustainability. Silicon-containing ultrafine particles (UFPs) have shown potential benefits in animal nutrition, yet their effects on gastrointestinal microbial composition ruminal digestion cattle remain poorly understood. This study was evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation with silicon-containing UFPs digestibility, bacterial taxonomic structure, predicted metabolic functions microbiota cattle. Materials Methods: A 42-day controlled feeding experiment conducted 20 Kazakh white-headed bulls (12 months old, 305 ± 10.4 kg), divided into control experimental groups (n = 10 each). The group received a diet supplemented SiO₂ (2 mg/kg feed). Digestibility coefficients were measured using standard methods, fluid samples subjected 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing Kyoto encyclopedia genes genomes -based functional profiling. Results: UFP significantly increased digestibility dry matter (3.5%), crude fiber protein (5.2%), organic (8.11%) compared group. exhibited elevated relative abundances Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospiraceae, genera Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Selenomonas. Functional prediction analysis revealed higher proportions involved carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., starch, galactose, amino sugar pathways), lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, biosynthesis key vitamins cofactors. Microbial diversity metrics (Chao1, Shannon) indicated significant changes alpha diversity, moderate shifts beta diversity. Conclusion: Dietary inclusion enhances nutrient induces favorable modifications microbiota, including pathways linked energy macronutrient metabolism. These findings support integration nanotechnology-based feed additives nutrition improve efficiency, productivity, potentially reduce environmental impacts such as methane emissions. Keywords: cattle, genomes, pathways, nanotechnology, rumen silicon dioxide, particles.

Language: Английский

---

A review of emerging technologies, nutritional practices, and management strategies to improve intramuscular fat composition in beef cattle

Animal Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35(1)

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

The flavour, tenderness and juiciness of the beef are all impacted by composition intramuscular fat (IMF), which is a key determinant quality. Thus, enhancing IMF cattle has become major area research. Consequently, aim this paper was to provide insight synthesis into emerging technologies, nutritional practices management strategies improve in cattle. This review examined current knowledge techniques approaches relevant farming industry. It includes thorough investigation animal handling, weaning age, castration, breed selection, sex determination, environmental factors, grazing methods, slaughter weight age. Additionally, it rigorously explored dietary energy levels optimization fatty acid profiles, as well use feed additives hormone implant with their associated regulations. also delved technologies that shaping future production, such genomic selection genome editing techniques, epigenomic analyses, microbiome manipulation strategies, transcriptomic profiling metabolomics analyses. In conclusion, holistic approach combining genomic, imperative for achieving targeted content ensuring high-quality production.

Language: Английский

---

Alterations in the gut microbial composition and diversity associated with diarrhea in neonatal Peruvian alpacas

Small Ruminant Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 235, P. 107273 - 107273

Published: April 22, 2024

Diarrhea in alpacas is a clinically significant condition and the primary cause of morbidity neonatal Peruvian alpacas. This study aimed to correlate early diarrhea crias alpaca with changes microbiota community. A total 19 (aged 1-2 months) were collected, including nine health ten healthy ones. Fecal samples obtained under sterile conditions their DNA was extracted. Sequencing V3-V4 region 16 S rRNA gene conducted Illumina platform, followed by bioinformatics analysis. Reduced microbial diversity evident afflicted diarrhea, delineating contrasting compositions comparison counterparts. The characterized predominant bacterial classes phyla within gut microbiota, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobiota, Bacteroidota collectively constituting approximately 80% population. Substantial disparities these observed between two groups, variance that appeared be influenced both age status class Verrucomicrobiae exhibited presence group suffering from illness. Furthermore, specific pathogenic species such as Clostridium spiroforme, Blautia, Bacteroides fragilis detected significantly higher proportions among functional across groups also found markedly different, distinction graphically represented heat map illustrating fifty principal differential KEGGs. provides valuable insights into role may have implications for veterinary care management.

Language: Английский

---

Seasonal variations in composition and function of gut microbiota in grazing yaks: Implications for adaptation to dietary shift on the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Abstract Gut microbiome of animals is affected by external environmental factors and can assist them in adapting to changing environments effectively. Consequently, elucidating the gut microbes under different conditions provide a comprehensive understanding mechanisms their adaptations change, with particular focus on extreme environments. In this study, we compared structural functional differences grazing yaks between summer winter seasons through metagenomic sequencing bioinformatics analysis. The results indicated that composition function changed significantly. study demonstrated an increase relative abundance Actinobacteria higher ratio Firmicutes Bacteroidetes (F/B) winter, process facilitated adaptation consumption low‐nutrient forages winter. Furthermore, network structure exhibited greater complexity Forage nutrition significant seasonal variation, notable impact microbiota. analysis revealed enzymes related amino acid metabolism, axillary activity, mucin degradation conclusion, exhibits several adaptive characteristics facilitate better nutrient accessibility host acclimating harsh conditions. our offers novel insights into highland animal from perspective microbiome.

Language: Английский

---

The bacterial microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cattle: structure, functions, importance (review)

Agricultural science Euro-North-East, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 159 - 171

Published: April 23, 2024

The review presents the generalized material of experimental studies and works (114 sources, including 110 foreign) on studying composition bacterial microbiota gastrointestinal tract in cattle depending age, clinical condition animals level productivity, shows influence functional activity formation development organism. affects health productive qualities dairy cattle. community plays a crucial role digestive system. This complex system with feedback, where one hand, is influenced by genotype host, feed base, living conditions, breeding methods, drugs used, other primarily plastic energy metabolism, but also indirectly respiratory, urinary, central nervous, immune systems body. Bacterial diversity laid down during fetal period, undergoes significant changes calf growth, remains stable throughout life, adapting to changing conditions. Modern diseases are increasingly focusing microbial community, pointing dangers antibiotic use need for transition probiotic prebiotic therapy. Productive cows, such as milk yield fat protein content, depend microbiota.

Language: Английский

---

Environmental and Host Characteristics Shape the Gut Microbiota of the Sand Field Cricket, Gryllus firmus

Applied Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 1534 - 1548

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

The gut microbiota plays an essential role in its host’s nutrition, development and behavior. Although crickets are becoming major ecosystemic model systems have important societal applications, such as alternative animal proteins or biocatalysts, little is known about their microbiome acquisition how environmental factors shape this community. Therefore, study, we exposed sand field to soils with different characteristics microbial communities test the influence of these on community composition. We used 16S/18S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing analyze soil communities, targeting three domains life, Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryotes. Our results showed a dominance Mucoromycota fungi Bacteroidota microbiota. were unable retrieve sufficient read numbers for Archaea. Most taxa that identified can degrade soil-derived complex organic matter, likely helping host digest food. had significant impact structure, supporting our assumption environment acquisition. Host sex also community, possibly because female guts bigger mass, leading differences oxygen concentrations.

Language: Английский

---