Interactions between human immunodeficiency virus and human endogenous retroviruses

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus of the Lentivirus genus, targets CD4 + T cells, causing immune dysfunction and AIDS. Approximately 8% human genome consists endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), ancient retroviral remnants that may interact with HIV. Despite antiretroviral therapy, challenges such as drug resistance, poor reconstitution (PIR), reservoirs remain. This GEM discusses impact HIV on HERVs, potential roles HERVs in PIR reservoirs, provides insights into future research directions.

Language: Английский

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Establishment and evaluation of a predictive model for immune reconstitution in people living with HIV after antiretroviral therapy

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Achieving complete immune reconstitution (CIR) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) following antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential for preventing acquired syndrome (AIDS) progression and improving survival. However, there a paucity of robust prediction models determining the likelihood CIR PLWH after ART. We aimed to develop validate model utilizing baseline data. Baseline data including demographic information, immunological profiles, routine laboratory test results, were collected from Yunnan, China. referred first recorded results HIV diagnosis but before initiating ART, these initial measurements served as analysis. The participants divided into training validation sets (7:3 ratio). To construct accompanying nomogram, univariable multivariable Cox regression analyses performed. was evaluated using C-index, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration clinical decision curves assess discrimination, calibration, applicability. Five thousand four hundred eight included, 38.52%. analysis revealed various independent factors associated CIR, infection route, CD4+T cell count, CD4/CD8 ratio, interval ART initiation, level PLT, Glu, Crea, HGB, ALT. A nomogram formulated predict probability achieving at years 4, 5, 6. demonstrated good performance, evidenced by an AUC 0.8 both sets. Calibration curve high agreement, significant positive yield. This study successfully developed performance. has considerable potential aid clinicians tailoring treatment strategies, which could enhance outcomes quality life PLWH.

Language: Английский

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The influence of extrinsic apoptosis gene expression on immunological reconstitution of male ART-treated PLHIV

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: March 18, 2025

The primary goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is to suppress viral replication undetectable levels (< 50 copies/mL). Despite achieving complete suppression, 10–40% individuals on ART do not adequately restore their CD4 + T-cell count, being defined as immunological non-responders (INR). Factors such sex, age at treatment initiation, coinfections, and pre-ART count may influence this insufficient recovery. This impairment can also result from poor production or exacerbated destruction T-cells, particularly through extrinsic pathway-mediated apoptosis involving Fas/FasL caspase-3. Thus, study aimed evaluate the expression profile pathway genes (CASP3, FAS, FASLG) in adult male HIV patients ART. were stratified responders (n = 25) 8) based increase total T-cells. Significant differences for CASP3 (FC 1.39, p 0.047) FASLG 1.94, < 0.0001) gene expressions identified between IR INR groups, but FAS (FC=-1.2, 0.638). indicates increased apoptotic highlights cell mechanisms

Language: Английский

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Higher proportions of circulating CXCR3+ CCR6− Tfh cells as a hallmark of impaired CD4+ T-cell recovery in HIV-1-infected immunological non-responders

mBio, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 25, 2025

ABSTRACT Despite long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), immune dysregulation due to impaired reconstitution of CD4+ T cells is a major hurdle for reducing morbidity and mortality in HIV-1-infected immunological non-responders (INRs, ≤350 cells/µL). To evaluate potential factors associated with T-cell reconstitution, we performed comprehensive immunophenotyping multiple subsets among individuals high (>350 cells/µL) low (≤350 cells, either ART-naïve or ART-exposed (median, 10 years). In comparison other groups, INRs showed exclusively elevated proportions CXCR3+ CCR6− Th1-like circulatory follicular helper (cTfh1) correlating negatively ( r = −0.6769, P < 0.0001), suggesting strong association incomplete recovery. contrast, compared INRs, higher CXCR3− CCR6+ Th17-like cTfh (cTfh17) responders (IRs, >350 no correlation counts, lack Additionally, activated (CD4+ CD38+ HLA-DR+) regulatory CD25+/hi CD127−/lo) were increased IRs, as previously known. A negative was also observed between the counts −0.6726, 0.0001) −0.5627, IRs INRs. Our study highlights that skewing toward phenotype may be leading cause inefficient recovery can serve hallmark reconstitution. IMPORTANCE The altered (INRs) indicate their involvement poor Reversing these alterations help prevent loss cells. Particularly, blocking cTfh-cell polarization subset restore thereby preventing risk mortality.

Language: Английский

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Single-cell multi-omics profiling uncovers the immune heterogeneity in HIV-infected immunological non-responders

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 115, P. 105667 - 105667

Published: April 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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How to properly define immunological nonresponse to antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV? an integrative review

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 7, 2025

In recent decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its treatment. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) notable improved life expectancy quality of for people living with HIV (PLHIV) by suppressing viral replication promoting CD4+ T-cell recovery. However, despite efficacy, approximately 10-40% ART-treated PLHIV virological suppression (<50 RNA copies/mL) do not achieve adequate immunological reconstitution. These PLHIV, classified as non-responders (INR), experience higher morbidity mortality rates compared to those satisfactory immune reconstitution, known responders (IR). Various studies have explored contributing nonresponse, yet a major challenge remains: lack standardized definition response nonresponse across studies. Currently, definitions are inconsistent, limiting comparability between This review proposes clear classification IR INR support future advancements recovery improving PLHIV.

Language: Английский

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Investigating the Determinants of Mortality Before Cd4 Count Recovery in a Cohort Of Patients Initiated on Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa Using a Fine and Gray Competing Risks Model

Published: March 28, 2024

CD4 count recovery is the main goal for an HIV patient who initiated ART. Some patients respond positively to ART and attain recovery, some might fail recover their due non-adherence, treatment resistance, virological failure, leading HIV-related complications death. The purpose of this study find determinants death in failed after initiating antiretroviral therapy. data used was obtained from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, where 2528 HIV-infected with a baseline 200 cells/ were on We Fine-Gray sub-distribution hazard cumulative incidence function estimate potential confounding factors death, competing event failure Patients not suffering tuberculosis 1.33 times at risk dying before attaining [aSHR 1.33; 95% CI (0.96-1.85] compared those had no tuberculosis. Rural higher recovering 1.97; 95%CI (1.57-2.47)] than urban areas. patient&rsquo;s status, viral load, regimen, count, location significant contributors recovery. Intervention programs targeting testing rural areas early initiation promoting adherence are recommended.

Language: Английский

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Factors Associated with Neutralizing Antibody Responses following 2-Dose and 3rd Booster Monovalent COVID-19 Vaccination in Japanese People Living with HIV

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 555 - 555

Published: April 2, 2024

People living with HIV (PLWH) could be at risk of blunted immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination. We investigated factors associated neutralizing antibody (NAb) against SARS-CoV-2 and variants concern (VOCs), following two-dose third booster monovalent mRNA vaccination in Japanese PLWH. NAb titers were assessed polyclonal IgG fractions by lentiviral-based pseudovirus assays. Overall, Wuhan, vaccination, 82 PLWH on treatment, whereby 17/82 (20.73%) classified as low-NAb participants. Within the participants, enhanced Wuhan VOCs, albeit a significantly lower magnitude than rest. In multivariate analysis, after correlated age days since but not CD4+ count, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, plasma high-sensitivity C-Reactive protein (hsCRP). Interestingly, an extended analysis within subgroups revealed correlate positively count negatively hsCRP younger, older, conclusion, substantially enhances titers, benefit may suboptimal subpopulations exhibiting low baseline. Considering clinical parameters provide nuanced understanding vaccine

Language: Английский

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Respuesta viral e inmunológica después del inicio del tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes con VIH

593 Digital Publisher CEIT, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 495 - 505

Published: May 8, 2024

El virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) es una infección retroviral que debilita el sistema inmunológico y posteriormente va a evolucionar al síndrome adquirida, VIH sigue siendo un importante problema salud pública en todo mundo. La terapia antirretroviral (TAR) método eficaz para reducir carga viral del lograr recuperación inmune (recuento óptimo linfocitos T-CD4+). supresión son los primeros objetivos iniciar tratamiento. objetivo presente estudio fue describir determinantes respuesta inmunológica virológica TAR entre personas infectadas por bajo revisión literaria. Este se efectuó diseño bibliográfica-documental, donde registró si participantes recibieron TAR. Se consideró estudios con criterios selección más estrictos basados, frecuencia monitorización CD4+ control asistencia clínica rutina. Estos hallazgos demuestran conduce inmune. adherencia general sujetos población buena, infiriendo así asociación tratamiento efecto partir seis meses haber iniciado

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Investigating the Determinants of Mortality before CD4 Count Recovery in a Cohort of Patients Initiated on Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa Using a Fine and Gray Competing Risks Model

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(7), P. 154 - 154

Published: July 10, 2024

CD4 count recovery is the main goal for an HIV patient who initiated ART. Early ART initiation in patients can help restore immune function more effectively, even when they have reached advanced stage. Some may respond positively to and attain recovery. Meanwhile, other failing recover their due non-adherence, treatment resistance virological failure might lead HIV-related complications death. The purpose of this study was find determinants death failed after initiating antiretroviral therapy. data used obtained from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, where 2528 HIV-infected with a baseline <200 cells/mm

Language: Английский

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