Ectomycorrhizal fungi: Potential guardians of terrestrial ecosystems

mLife, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 387 - 390

Published: July 31, 2024

The tolerance of terrestrial ecosystems to anthropogenic stress and climate change has received increasing attention considering the intensification global changes caused by human activities1. Improvement carbon sequestration capacity ability mitigate in ecosystems, especially forest are simultaneously receiving owing lack sufficient effective negative emission technologies1, 2. However, upper limit ecosystem service function plants, methods further enhance cope with have become a topic concern for researchers3, 4. Mycorrhizal fungi can form stable symbiotic relationships plants promote plant resistance nutrient element utilization efficiency, thereby enhancing soil sequestration5-7. Consequently, mycorrhizal considered crucial resilience against environmental change. Studying utilizing functions have, therefore, vital changes. commonly divided into four types (arbuscular mycorrhizal, orchid ericoid ectomycorrhizal fungi), which most common important arbuscular fungi8, 9. Arbuscular higher diversity (approximately 72% all fungal species) larger distribution range 70% ecosystems) than fungi, thus more from researchers8, 10, 11. Over past 24 years, according Web Science, although literature on demonstrated an trend, been far greater that (Figure 1A). In 2023, was 5.7 times 2000. comparison, increased only 2.5 over same period approximately 4 2023 This seems indicate researchers generally believe ecological role is fungi. this case? biggest difference between hyphae extend cells root system, while encapsulated outside cells, eventually forming biofilm surface system. Ectomycorrhizal act as protective armor roots pathogenic microorganisms12, 13, pollutants14, 15, even nuclear radiation16, 17; enhances plants. Moreover, such facilitate direct uptake nitrogen phosphorus organic matter, not boosts survival under acquisition efficiency but also makes adaptable harsh environments, drought, low availability, cold conditions18-21. protect biodiversity high-latitude temperate regions through their interactions plants13, 19, 22. Although improve no advantage other aspects found23, 24, making them unsuitable coping environments Fungal mycelia, fruiting body primarily composed compounds difficult decompose. These microbial residues constantly transported pool, promoting underground (known "entombing effect")25. effect however, strong fungi24. believed directly "mine" substrates enzymes, reduce decompose litter slowing down matter decomposition reducing loss carbon23, 24. By contrast, require saprophytes inorganic before they utilize nutrients, resulting some loss20. Therefore, overcome limitations, climate, increase biomass, dominated biomass fungi6, 26-28. Plant species associated show 30% elevated CO2, almost zero biomass29. More should be paid study current research insufficient. Extreme change, example, temperatures rainfall, impairs growth development fungi30-32. future explore mechanisms maintaining competitiveness high heavy rainfall. Considering adapted dry, cold, barren environments6, 21 because often dominant topsoil community8, 33, 34, intentional introduction during restoration activities, afforestation grass planting, could accelerate community succession processes enable provide services functions. Globally, widespread, transformation reduced presence vegetation, potential implications storage10. dominance expanded ecosystems. For artificial inoculation or sowing used establish would change35. work sponsored National Natural Science Foundation China (No. 32301442).

Language: Английский

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Unlocking the Potential of Tracer Technology as a Tool for Quantifying Fertilizer Use Efficiency

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

ABSTRACT With the increase in global population, importance of efficient use fertilizer will become essential, and development innovative effective efficiency (FUE) strategies is a need hour. However, injudicious leads to nutrient losses environmental pollution. Several technologies have been developed improve crop production uptake from applied fertilizers, including balanced fertilization, foliar application, mixed controlled‐release slow‐release nano‐fertilizers. To quantify several indicators are being used such as efficiency, agronomic partial factor productivity. Isotope tracer studies proven useful measuring soil availability, quantifying by plants through nutrients derived fertilizer, monitoring environment, establishing transport accumulation inside plants. Results stable isotopes 15 N, 13 C, 34 S radioisotopes 32 P 65 Zn accurately measure potential crops their partitioning efficiency. Radioisotope demonstrated that application can be faster more than for some crops, offering promising approach improving FUE. Despite its potentiality, research has many challenges, ensuring target concentrations within analytical method ranges, accounting isotopic interference non‐target compounds, limited access specialized equipment measurement errors. overcome these constraints, advanced study methodology integration with sensor‐based detection must augment site‐specific management precision agriculture. Continued collaborations valuable exploiting full technology different optimizing dose boost yields sustainably, thereby contributing food security sustainability.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Pichia sp. J1 and Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium on Enhancing Tobacco Growth and Suppressing Bacterial Wilt

Current Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 82(5)

Published: March 12, 2025

Language: Английский

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The impact of lipidome on five inflammatory skin diseases: a Mendelian randomization study

Archives of Dermatological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 316(8)

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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