Global, regional and national trends in incidence and mortality of pertussis from 1990 to 2021 and the comparison before and during COVID-19: a modelling analysis

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 102696 - 102696

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Pertussis, a contagious respiratory disease, has seen global decline in cases due to vaccination but resurged because of waning immunity, with further impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed assess disease burden pertussis worldwide 1990 2021. Using GBD 2021, we extracted age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and death (ASDR) analyzed trends them through calculating estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) at global, regional national levels Besides, compared EAPCs before during pandemic explore difference. Lastly, investigated association between (ASR) socio-demographic index (SDI). From 1990-2021, ASIR ASDR witnessed an 2.57 % (95 %CI: 1.91-3.22 %) 3.20 (2.54-3.85 on average, respectively. During pandemic, ASR showed steep downward not only globally also diverse regions. Nevertheless, Southern Sub-Sahara Africa upward ASR, whose were 0.85 (0.67-1.02 for 0.65 (0.41-0.88 ASDR. Additionally, remarkable negative correlation was revealed SDI (Regional level: r = -0.843; -0.885. National -0.621; -0.762. All P < 0.001.), corroborating observation that regions countries lower bore higher burden. trend, significant drops However, COVID-19, Sub-Saharan saw rising ASDR, contrary majority. proved negatively correlated indicating low-SDI countries, especially Africa, faced high burden, which highlighted need improving immunization, surveillance, healthcare resource allocation control effectively.

Language: Английский

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Pertussis Epidemiology in Children: The Role of Maternal Immunization

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1030 - 1030

Published: Sept. 9, 2024

In the last twelve months, a significant global increase in pertussis cases has been observed, particularly among infants under three months of age. This age group is at highest risk for severe disease, hospitalization, and death. Maternal immunization with Tdap vaccine during pregnancy recommended to protect newborns by transferring maternal antibodies transplacentally. review examines current epidemiology pertussis, importance preventing it young children, effectiveness immunization. Despite proven benefits vaccination, which found effective prevention up 90% cases, coverage remains suboptimal many countries. Factors contributing low vaccination rates include hesitancy due trust health authority assessments, safety concerns, practical barriers access, impact COVID-19 pandemic, disrupted routine services. The recent may also be influenced natural cyclic nature increased Bordetella (Bp) activity older children adults, genetic divergence circulating Bp strains from antigens. Given high efficacy infants, increasing crucial. Efforts improve uptake should address access hesitancy, ensuring consistent immune protection youngest most vulnerable populations. Enhanced could significantly reduce incidence whooping cough decreasing related hospitalizations deaths.

Language: Английский

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Nasopharyngeal Colonization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacterial Isolates in Children and Young Adults with Acute, Protracted, and Chronic Cough: A Cross-Sectional Bulgarian Study

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 70(1), P. 10 - 10

Published: March 6, 2025

Since the nasopharynx serves as an ecological niche for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Corynebacterium spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, etc., colonization is influenced by antimicrobial treatments, host immune responses, viral infections, and vaccines, often leading to local systemic infections. We aimed investigate patterns of nasopharyngeal susceptibility bacterial isolates in Bulgarian individuals under 20 years age presenting with acute, protracted, chronic cough. analyzed 1383 samples using conventional culture methods, MALDI-TOF MS, testing, genetic analyses Bordetella pertussis Mycoplasma spp. Among 896 isolates, H. influenzae was most prevalent (26.23%), followed M. catarrhalis (23.55%), S. pneumoniae (22.54%), pyogenes causing 7.59% In children (0–10 years), (198 isolates) (142 were common pathogens, (73 isolates), while those aged 10–20 years, isolate (129), (93) (21). Colonization young adults a reservoir pathogen transmission adults, highlighting its significant public health implications. Monitoring resistance remains essential inform targeted prevention treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Pertussis in Early Infancy: Diagnostic Challenges, Disease Burden, and Public Health Implications Amidst the 2024 Resurgence, with Emphasis on Maternal Vaccination Strategies

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 276 - 276

Published: March 5, 2025

Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of or whooping cough, an acute and highly contagious respiratory infection that can have serious fatal complications such as pneumonia, encephalopathy, seizures, especially for newborns. The disease endemic not only in European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) but also globally. Larger outbreaks are anticipated every three to five years, even countries where vaccination rates high. Despite high coverage developed a low rate incidence many during COVID-19 pandemic, has been on rise again, with some places, which referred "re-emergence pertussis". aim this review underscore critical importance achieving coverage, particularly among pregnant women, safeguard vulnerable neonates from their early months, before they eligible vaccination. This aligns need address diagnostic challenges, mitigate severity, strengthen public health strategies light ongoing 2024 resurgence.

Language: Английский

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