Stochasticity Highlights the Development of Both the Gastrointestinal and Upper-Respiratory-Tract Microbiomes of Neonatal Dairy Calves in Early Life

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 361 - 361

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

The microbiome of dairy calves undergoes extensive change due to various forces during the first weeks life. Importantly, diseases such as bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and calf diarrhea can have profound impacts on early-life microbiome. Therefore, a longitudinal, repeated-measures pilot study was designed characterize establishment nasal fecal microbiomes calves, assess governing microbial assembly, evaluate how states impact these ecologies. Dairy (n = 19) were clinically evaluated for gastrointestinal across three beginning at age ≤ seven days old. Fecal 57) samples taken paired-end 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Taxonomy diversity analyses used microbiomes. Stochasticity determinism measured using normalized stochasticity testing (NST) Dirichlet multinomial model (DMM). All tested statistical significance. Clinical observed in 11 19 calves. BRD not independently among cohort; however, two presented clinical signs both diarrhea. Taxonomic analysis revealed that highlighted by Bacteroidaceae (40%; relative abundance), Ruminococcaceae (13%), Lachnospiraceae (10%), with changes (Kruskal–Wallis; p < 0.05) composition (PERMANOVA; 0.05). reduced but did composition. Nasal featured Moraxellaceae (49%), Mycoplasmataceae (16%), Pasteurellaceae (3%). While no seen samples, compositional (p NST metrics > 0.01) DMM stochastic, neutral theory-based assembly dynamics govern distinct populations drive community healthy diarrheic

Language: Английский

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Sugarcane Extract (Polygain™) Supplementation Reduces Enteric Methane Emission in Dairy Calves

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 781 - 781

Published: March 10, 2025

Polygain™ (PG), a polyphenolic extract from sugarcane, has recently been identified as potential additive to reduce methane (CH4) emissions in livestock. This experiment examined the effects of PG on enteric CH4 emission Holstein Friesian weaned calves. Calves were allocated annual pasture grazing and received supplementary pellets (200 g/calf/day; Barastoc calf-rearer cubes—Ridley Corporation). The experimental design followed was completely randomized (CRD), comprising 24 female calves (4–5 months old) two equal groups; control (standard pellets) vs. treatment (pellets formulated by adding deliver 10 g PG/calf/day). Experimental diets fed for three between August November 2023, including two-week adaptation period. weighed at start end study. A GreenFeed (C-Lock Pvt Ltd.) monitoring unit (GEM) used measure GHG their groups 2-day rotational cycle. During visit GEM, encouraged enter an enclosed area or individual feeding stall where CH4, CO2, O2, H2, H2S measurements taken. results indicated significant effect supplementation calves, with lower production supplemented (26.66 ± 2.06 g/day) compared group (35.28 1.39 g/day, p < 0.001). CO2/O2 ratio (235 14) (183 9.6) differed significantly (p Overall, (10 g/calf/day) reduced average per day did not adversely affect growth development confirming its useful anti-methanogenic potential.

Language: Английский

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Characterization and Assembly Dynamics of the Microbiome Associated with Swine Anaerobic Lagoon Manure Treated with Biochar

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 758 - 758

Published: March 27, 2025

Biochar has significant potential for livestock microbiomes and crop agriculture regarding greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Therefore, a pilot study was designed to investigate the effect of biochar application on surface swine manure from an open lagoon associated microbial communities. Samples were collected four different treatment groups: control (n = 4), coarse fine ultra-fine 4). Additionally, aged in bulk 4) assess alterations group. The method 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing along with analyses performed. Diversity significantly between samples all groups (Kruskal–Wallis; p < 0.05). distinct community compositions seen using both weighted unweighted UniFrac distance matrices (PERMANOVA; 0.01). Differential abundance analysis revealed features within that enriched (q 0.001): Idiomarina spp., Geovibrio thiophilus, Parapusillimonas granuli, uncultured Gammaproteobacteria species. Similarly, Comamonas spp. Brumimicrobium aurantiacum (q-value 0.001) depleted by treatments. Stochastic functional treatments not deterministically altering assembly patterns, redundancy evident regardless compositional shifts.

Language: Английский

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Decoding the dynamics of calves’ respiratory and gut microbiota: exploring stability, resistance, and individual patterns

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 10, 2025

To uncover the intricate relationship between microbiota, host, and environment in early life, we monitored temporal dynamics of nasal gut microbiota 30 veal calves over their first five months. Our findings reveal that stability individuality are specific to each body site. Notably, fecal demonstrated greater diversity, bacterial biomass, stability, homogeneity as animals matured. In contrast, exhibited a skewed structure higher turnover, likely driven by microbial immigration mucociliary clearance. Weather, diet, antibiotics were associated with both microbiotas, alongside host cytokine profiles. Rectal temperature significantly shifted sites, more than diarrhea or respiratory scores. As aged, synchronized across sites emerged. This study presents detailed view patterns connection environment, offering valuable insights for improving management during critical development periods.

Language: Английский

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