
Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: March 25, 2025
AbstractH13 and H16 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) typically infect Charadriiformes, are widely distributed throughout coastal regions worldwide, pose a risk of spillover to mammals. Systematic research on the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, biological characteristics these subtypes remains limited. To address this gap, we analyzed 20 years wild bird surveillance data from China integrated with global database information reconstruct spatiotemporal distribution, dynamics public health implications H13 H16. During surveillance, 28 19 were isolated. The phylogenetic trees for revealed that both could be classified into three distinct groups. Viruses Group A, C, C demonstrated frequent genetic exchanges intercontinental scale. Mapping host migration overlap between virus spread pathways. Our results suggest is key driver widespread cross-regional spread, gene exchange some lineages. Virus isolates exhibit high diversity rich genotypic variation. Most carry mammalian-adaptive mutations, such as G228S mutation in HA protein. multiple genotypes infected mice without prior adaptation exhibited varying tissue tropism. In summary, findings indicate patterns closely associated evolution AIVs. potential mammalian infection highlighted, carrying mutations may lead new cases.
Language: Английский