Epidemiological features and temporal trends of the co-infection between HIV and tuberculosis, 1990–2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Infectious Diseases of Poverty, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

Abstract Background The co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant clinical challenge is major global public health issue. This study aims to elucidate the disease burden HIV-TB in global, regions countries, providing critical information for policy decisions curb epidemic. Methods ecological time-series used data from Global Burden Disease (GBD) Study 2021. encompass numbers incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life year (DALY), as well age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), mortality (ASMR), DALY HIV-infected drug-susceptible (HIV-DS-TB), multidrug-resistant (HIV-MDR-TB), extensively drug-resistant (HIV-XDR-TB) 1990 estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) rates, with 95% confidence intervals ( CI s), was calculated. Results In 2021, ASIR HIV-DS-TB 11.59 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 0.37–13.05 population), 0.55 0.38–0.81 HIV-MDR-TB, 0.02 0.01–0.03 population) HIV-XDR-TB. EAPC HIV-MDR-TB HIV-XDR-TB 2021 were 4.71 CI: 1.92–7.59) 13.63 9.44–18.01), respectively. ASMR 2.22 1.73–2.74 0.21 0.09–0.39 0.01 0.00–0.03 4.78 1.32–8.32) 10.00 6.09–14.05), Conclusions findings indicate that enhancing diagnostic treatment strategies, strengthening healthcare infrastructure, increasing access quality medical care, improving education are essential combat co-infection. Graphical

Language: Английский

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The metabolic consequences of HIV/TB co-infection

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Aug. 18, 2023

The synergy between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis during co-infection of a host is well known. While this known to be driven by immunological deterioration, metabolic mechanisms that contribute associated disease burden experienced HIV/tuberculosis (TB) remain poorly understood. Furthermore, while anti-HIV treatments suppress viral replication, these therapeutics give rise disruption adaptations beyond induced only infection or disease.In study, serum profiles healthy controls, untreated HIV-negative TB-positive patients, HIV/TB co-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), were measured using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Since no global profile for effect ART has been published date, pilot study aimed elucidate general areas metabolism affected such conditions.HIV/TB significant changes host's lipid protein metabolism, with additional microbial product translocation from gut blood. results suggest HIV augments TB synergistically, at least in part, contributing increased inflammation, oxidative stress, ART-induced mitochondrial damage, its detrimental effects health, which turn, affects energy availability. reverses trends some extent but not controls.This generated several new hypotheses could direct future studies, combined other research techniques methodologies further underlying changes.

Language: Английский

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Biomarker discovery for tuberculosis using metabolomics

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among infectious diseases, and ratio cases in which its pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) drug resistant has been increasing worldwide, whereas latent infection (LTBI) may develop into active TB. Thus it important to understand mechanism resistance, find new drugs, biomarkers for TB diagnosis. The rapid progress metabolomics enabled quantitative metabolite profiling both host pathogen. In this context, we provide recent application toward biomarker discovery tuberculosis. particular, first focus on based blood or other body fluids diagnosing TB, identifying LTBI predicting risk developing as well monitoring effectiveness anti-TB drugs. Then discuss pathogen-based research While there have many reports potential candidate biomarkers, validations clinical testing improved bioinformatics analysis are needed further substantiate select key before they can be made clinically applicable.

Language: Английский

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WHO Goals and Beyond: Managing HIV/TB Co-infection in South Africa

SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Oct. 24, 2023

Abstract The intricate relationship between HIV and TB, particularly in South Africa which grapples with an alarming prevalence of both diseases, presents a multifaceted challenge influenced by historical, social, biological factors. This review explores the co-dependent nature these diseases challenges to effective control strategies. ramifications Apartheid significantly shaped pandemics, TB thriving impoverished conditions marked overcrowding limited health care access. Co-infection intensifies challenges, further complicating treatment management. Despite commendable efforts, achieving ambitious “End TB” HIV” goals set World Health Organization (WHO) for 2030 remains due socio-economic disparities, constraints, political dynamics. recent emergence COVID-19 pandemic introduced additional complexities, disrupting diagnostic services. Nevertheless, Africa’s resilience is evident through destigmatisation campaigns, innovative preventative interventions, significant contributions global research. importance studies cannot be overstated; accurate data collection analysis remain pivotal informed interventions tracking progress towards WHO goals. Here, we elucidate need unified comprehensive national response, supported international collaboration, effectively address enduring burden within Africa. As nation navigates historical legacies, social factors, evolving crucial question arises: Will ultimately meet WHO’s elimination or at least reduce number HIV-related deaths? Recognising potential obstacles, it becomes imperative strategise responses enable syndemic management advancement objectives.

Language: Английский

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The Kynurenine/Tryptophan Ratio as a Promising Metabolomic Biomarker for Diagnosing the Spectrum of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease

International Journal of General Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 16, P. 5587 - 5595

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

The metabolic system and immunology used to be seen as distinct fields of study. Recent developments in our understanding how the immune operates health disease have connected these complex systems. An effective technique for identifying probable abnormalities homeostasis brought on by is metabolomics, which defined thorough study small molecule intermediates within a biological that collectively make up metabolome. A prognostic biomarker with adequate accuracy tuberculosis progression has recently been created. rate-limiting host enzyme conversion tryptophan kynurenine, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), greatly elevated lungs patients. Targeted indicates such decreases may also resembled this upregulation. Although diagnosis improved use interferon release assay nucleic acid amplification, control made difficult lack diagnose active disease. We hope reader work can develop an advantages metabolomics testing, particularly sort testing both diagnosing monitoring patient's response treatment tuberculosis.

Language: Английский

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Metabolomics Approaches for the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Better Disease Management of Viral Infections

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 948 - 948

Published: Aug. 15, 2023

Metabolomics is an analytical approach that involves profiling and comparing the metabolites present in biological samples. This scoping review article offers overview of current metabolomics approaches their utilization evaluating metabolic changes fluids occur response to viral infections. Here, we provide methods including high-throughput chemistry multivariate data analysis identify specific associated with also focuses on interpretation applications designed improve our understanding pathogenesis these diseases.

Language: Английский

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HIV-Differentiated Metabolite N-Acetyl-L-Alanine Dysregulates Human Natural Killer Cell Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 7267 - 7267

Published: April 14, 2023

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has latently infected over two billion people worldwide (LTBI) and caused ~1.6 million deaths in 2021. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection with Mtb will affect the progression increase risk of developing active by 10–20 times compared HIV- LTBI+ patients. It is crucial to understand how HIV can dysregulate immune responses individuals. Plasma samples collected from healthy HIV-infected individuals were investigated using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), metabolic data analyzed online platform Metabo-Analyst. ELISA, surface intracellular staining, flow cytometry, quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) performed standard procedures determine markers, cytokines, other signaling molecule expressions. Seahorse extra-cellular flux assays used measure mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation glycolysis. Six metabolites significantly less abundant, higher abundance HIV+ donors. One HIV-upregulated metabolites, N-acetyl-L-alanine (ALA), inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ production NK cells ALA glycolysis individuals’ response Mtb. Our findings demonstrate that infection enhances plasma levels inhibit NK-cell-mediated infection, offering a new understanding HIV–Mtb interaction providing insights into implication nutrition intervention therapy for co-infected

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Imbalance in Immune Cells in Relation to Metabolic Disorders, Cancer, and Infections

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Reprogramming in HIV+ CD4+ T-Cells: Implications for Immune Dysfunction and Therapeutic Targets in M. tuberculosis Co-Infection

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 285 - 285

Published: April 22, 2025

Background/Objectives: HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) co-infection presents a major global health burden. The immune response to M.tb is largely orchestrated by cluster of differentiation 4-positive (CD4+) T cells, with CD8+ cells playing an auxiliary role. This study aims investigate the immunometabolic CD4+ antigens, analysed using metabolomics, elucidate metabolic shifts that may influence function in HIV+ environment. Methods: Whole blood samples from newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve individuals were stimulated antigens early secreted antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) QuantiFERON® (QFT) Gold Plus assay. Following incubation, plasma through untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Metabolomic data processed MetaboAnalyst, differential metabolites identified multivariate statistical analyses. Results: Metabolic profiling PBMCs revealed distinct differences between CD4+/CD8+ T-cell activation. exhibited enhanced glycolysis, elevated levels are linked Warburg effect. Additionally, vitamin D found correlate certain metabolites, suggesting role modulating responses. Conclusions: These findings suggest complex interplay cell metabolism activation individuals. demonstrates significantly influences broader profile peripheral mononuclear (PBMCs), highlighting altered pathways critical responses disease progression. contribute understanding immunometabolism emphasise need for further research into targeted interventions.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic insights into HIV/TB co-infection: an untargeted urinary metabolomics approach

Metabolomics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(4)

Published: July 16, 2024

Amid the global health crisis, HIV/TB co-infection presents significant challenges, amplifying burden on patients and healthcare systems alike. Metabolomics offers an innovative window into metabolic disruptions caused by co-infection, potentially improving diagnosis treatment monitoring.

Language: Английский

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