The Neural Specificity of Interference Resolution in Phonological, Semantic, and Visual Domains at Different Ages

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(2), P. 345 - 371

Published: Oct. 21, 2024

The question of whether cognitive control is specific to certain domains or domain-general remains an extensively debated at both and neural levels. This study examined the substrates associated with resistance interference (RI) in phonological, semantic, visual by using strictly matched tasks determining domain-specific manner which aging affects RI. In fMRI experiment, young older participants performed a similarity judgment task buildup. For age groups, RI effects were observed univariate level, increased involvement phonological domain right angular gyrus lingual gyrus, semantic bilateral inferior frontal superior parietal gyri left middle temporal middle/superior occipital gyri. At multivariate although could be decoded from patterns for all between-domain prediction conditions was Bayesian evidence null hypothesis. supports specificity while stressing its independency.

Language: Английский

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Aging Pathways: Unraveling Geriatric Neuropsychology and Innovative Neuromodulatory Treatments in the New Millennium

IntechOpen eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 5, 2024

As the global population ages, distinguishing between effects of chronic diseases and inherent aging challenges becomes paramount. The intersection geriatric neuropsychology gerontology provides a comprehensive framework to navigate these complexities. We will explore foundational aspects neuropsychology, surveying prominent theories brain aging, structural functional changes, intricate relationship neurodegenerative diseases. Acknowledging relevance frailty as critical marker, chapter emphasizes importance evaluation guide nuanced interventions. A pivotal focus is then directed toward non-invasive neuromodulatory treatments, particularly transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), its application in mitigating age-related cognitive decline. This exploration contextualized within broader medicine complexity, recognizing interconnectedness various physiological psychological factors aging.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of French Phonological Components Analysis in individuals with chronic aphasia

International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 59(6), P. 2239 - 2264

Published: June 21, 2024

Abstract Background Over 50% of individuals with aphasia face ongoing word‐finding issues. Studies have found phonologically oriented therapy helpful for English speakers, but this has not yet been studied in French. It is essential to assess the effectiveness such a French, considering distinct linguistic typologies between both languages, which may impact outcomes interventions. Aim This paper evaluates French Phonological Component Analysis (Fr‐PCA) on communication skills chronic and individual factors treatment success. Methods & Procedures Eighteen received 15 h Fr‐PCA over 5 weeks. Naming accuracy treated untreated words was measured before after therapy, as well at 3‐ 6‐month follow‐ups. Secondary outcome measures included standardized tests measuring within‐level generalization (object action naming) across‐level (repetition, verbal fluency, oral comprehension, reported by frequent partner). Outcomes Results led improved (17 participants out 18) (9 18), gains maintained follow‐up (7 10 6 untreated), partner (11 16). Age, apraxia speech severity initial anomia impacted gains. Conclusions Implications Though more research needed, results suggest benefits living aphasia. Identifying influencing could enable clinicians improve tailoring. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What already known subject (PCA) improves naming items There also evidence supporting long‐lasting following PCA. However, PCA never language presenting different typology than English, we know little can influence benefits. adds existing knowledge Through group‐level analyses personalized sets tests, study shows that constitutes an effective protocol francophone The are generalized levels other naming, effectiveness. Individual age, outcomes. potential or actual clinical implications work? now strong morphological‐phonological interactions. Furthermore, when working severe speech, still be made, might longer attain.

Language: Английский

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Differences in the Lateralization of Theta and Alpha Power During n-Back Task Performance Between Older and Young Adults in the Context of the Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults (HAROLD) Model

Symmetry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 1623 - 1623

Published: Dec. 7, 2024

Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Old Adults (HAROLD) is one of the most well-known models compensatory brain involvement older adults. Most evidence supports its occurrence from perspective PET and fMRI studies, with a deficiency electroencephalographic research this domain. Therefore, we aimed to investigate possibility identifying HAROLD pattern adults’ power theta alpha. The study sample comprised 50 adults 60 young performing n-back tasks while recording EEG signals. level cognitive performance alpha for pairs symmetrical electrodes prefrontal, frontal, parietal areas were analyzed. Older exhibited inferior compared heightened right hemisphere within prefrontal areas. However, they also demonstrated increased frontal pole, which contradicts effects power. Moreover, two indicated phenomena lateralization unrelated individual performance. results make it challenging discern whether revealed age-related differences denote compensation, dedifferentiation, or nonselective recruitment as neutral features activity old

Language: Английский

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Neural correlates of the sound facilitation effect in the modified Simon task in older adults

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

The ability to resolve interference declines with age and is attributed neurodegeneration reduced cognitive function mental alertness in older adults. Our previous study revealed that task-irrelevant but environmentally meaningful sounds improve performance on the modified Simon task However, little known about neural correlates of this sound facilitation effect.Twenty right-handed adults [mean = 72 (SD 4), 11 female] participated fMRI study. They performed which arrows were presented either locations matching arrow direction (congruent trials) or mismatching (incongruent trials). A total 50% all trials accompanied by sounds.Participants faster concurrent sounds, independently whether congruent incongruent. effect was associated activation distributed network auditory, posterior parietal, frontal, limbic brain regions. magnitude behavioral due changes bilateral auditory cortex, cuneal occipital fusiform gyrus, precuneus, left superior parietal lobule (SPL) for No Sound vs. trials. These corresponding reaction time (RT). Older a recent history falls showed greater SPL than those without history.Our findings are consistent dedifferentiation hypothesis aging. facilitatory could be achieved through recruitment excessive resources, allows increase attention during performance. Considering critical integration multisensory information, individuals slower responses may need recruit region more actively fall overcome increased difficulty resolution. Future studies should examine relationship among SPL, sound, who at heightened risk falls.

Language: Английский

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