Predictive coding and stochastic resonance as fundamental principles of auditory phantom perception

Brain, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 146(12), P. 4809 - 4825

Published: July 27, 2023

Mechanistic insight is achieved only when experiments are employed to test formal or computational models. Furthermore, in analogy lesion studies, phantom perception may serve as a vehicle understand the fundamental processing principles underlying healthy auditory perception. With special focus on tinnitus-as prime example of perception-we review recent work at intersection artificial intelligence, psychology and neuroscience. In particular, we discuss why everyone with tinnitus suffers from (at least hidden) hearing loss, but not loss tinnitus. We argue that intrinsic neural noise generated amplified along pathway compensatory mechanism restore normal based adaptive stochastic resonance. The increase can then be misinterpreted input perceived This formalized Bayesian brain framework, where percept (posterior) assimilates prior prediction (brain's expectations) likelihood (bottom-up signal). A higher mean lower variance (i.e. enhanced precision) shifts posterior, evincing misinterpretation sensory evidence, which further confounded by plastic changes underwrite predictions. Hence, two provide most explanatory power for emergence perceptions: predictive coding top-down resonance complementary bottom-up mechanism. conclude both also play crucial role Finally, context neuroscience-inspired improve contemporary machine learning techniques.

Language: Английский

---

Impact of short-term tinnitus treatment on cognitive function and neural synchronization

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

We aimed to evaluate the impact of short-term tinnitus treatment on cognitive function and identify effects various combinations outcomes. A non-randomized prospective study was conducted with 32 patients at a tertiary university hospital between May 2022 2024. Patients received treatments, including neuromodulation, diuretics, gabapentin, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), anxiolytics, muscle relaxants, hearing aids, counseling. Cognitive distress were assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) baseline 1 month after treatment. Quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) recordings analyzed changes in neural synchronization phase-locking value (PLV). Strong correlations also observed MMSE post-treatment (r = -0.796, p < 0.01) loudness perception 0.458, 0.01). After Bonferroni correction, relaxants (p 0.017) neuromodulation 0.007) showed significant negative function, while anxiolytics demonstrated tendency for 0.052). Additionally, neither nor (ΔVAS loudness) significantly correlated ΔTHI correction > 0.05). qEEG analysis increased PLV prefrontal-limbic parietal-occipital connections improved THI as well temporal-limbic scores, indicating enhanced resource reorganization. These findings underscore need careful consideration when selecting treatments highlight importance targeted multimodal interventions address both function.

Language: Английский

---

Research on stochastic resonance method in fractional-order tristable systems

Pramana, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 99(2)

Published: April 11, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Deep learning based decoding of single local field potential events

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 297, P. 120696 - 120696

Published: June 21, 2024

How is information processed in the cerebral cortex? In most cases, recorded brain activity averaged over many (stimulus) repetitions, which erases fine-structure of neural signal. However, obviously a single-trial processor. Thus, we here demonstrate that an unsupervised machine learning approach can be used to extract meaningful from electro-physiological recordings on basis. We use auto-encoder network reduce dimensions single local field potential (LFP) events create interpretable clusters different patterns. Strikingly, certain LFP shapes correspond latency differences recording channels. Hence, determine direction flux cortex. Furthermore, after clustering, decoded cluster centroids reverse-engineer underlying prototypical event shapes. To evaluate our approach, applied it both extra-cellular rodents, and intra-cranial EEG humans. Finally, find channel during spontaneous sample realm possible stimulus evoked A finding so far has only been demonstrated for multi-channel population coding.

Language: Английский

---

Word class representations spontaneously emerge in a deep neural network trained on next word prediction

Published: Dec. 15, 2023

How do humans learn language, and can the first language be learned at all? These fundamental questions are still hotly debated. In contemporary linguistics, there two major schools of thought that give completely opposite answers. According to Chomsky's theory universal grammar, cannot because children not exposed sufficient data in their linguistic environment. contrast, usage-based models assume a profound relationship between structure use. particular, contextual mental processing representations assumed have cognitive capacity capture complexity actual use all levels. The prime example is syntax, i.e., rules by which words assembled into larger units such as sentences. Typically, syntactic expressed sequences word classes. However, it remains unclear whether classes innate, implied or they emerge during acquisition, suggested approaches. Here, we address this issue from machine learning natural perspective. trained an artificial deep neural network on predicting next word, provided consecutive input. Subsequently, analyzed emerging activation patterns hidden layers network. Strikingly, find internal nine-word input cluster according class tenth predicted output, even though did receive any explicit information about training. This surprising result suggests, also human brain, abstract representational categories may naturally consequence predictive coding acquisition.

Language: Английский

---

Deficient central mechanisms in tinnitus: Exploring the impact on speech comprehension and executive functions

Hearing Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 440, P. 108914 - 108914

Published: Nov. 10, 2023

Many individuals with chronic subjective tinnitus report significant problems in comprehending speech adverse listening situations. A large body of studies has provided evidence to support the notion that deficits speech-in-noise (SIN) are prevalent population, while some have challenged these findings. Elemental auditory perception is usually only minimally or not impaired. In addition, cognitive functions, particularly executive also been observed tinnitus. Given previous findings, we theorize deficient central mechanisms may be responsible for reported comprehension 25 participants suffering from and control participants, between 23 58 years age, were examined a cross-sectional design. The groups case-matched sex, education, hearing loss. audiometric battery was used ranging threshold supra-threshold tasks spoken sentence level tasks. Additionally, four tests performed, primarily covering area functions. Tinnitometry tinnitus-related questionnaires applied complement sample description allow secondary analyses. We hypothesized score lower complex function compared healthy controls, no group differences elementary expected. As expected, scored SIN gated task, there basic recognition task other revealed clear interference Stroop but Flanker group. There inhibition working memory Our results clearly delineate two on intelligibility under conditions. Further, poorer performance points towards an impaired Taken together, our (partly) exploratory study provides novel view system probably account comprehension.

Language: Английский

---

Coincidence detection and integration behavior in spiking neural networks

Cognitive Neurodynamics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 1753 - 1765

Published: Dec. 13, 2023

Abstract Recently, the interest in spiking neural networks (SNNs) remarkably increased, as up to now some key advances of biological are still out reach. Thus, energy efficiency and ability dynamically react adapt input stimuli observed neurons is difficult achieve. One neuron model commonly used SNNs leaky-integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron. LIF already show interesting dynamics can be run two operation modes: coincidence detectors for low integrators high membrane decay times, respectively. However, emergence these modes consequence on network performance information processing elusive. In this study, we examine effect different times trained with a surrogate-gradient-based approach. We propose measures that allow determine mode neurons: number contributing spikes effective integration interval. detection characterized by well short intervals, whereas behavior related many over long intervals. find linearly correlate via correlation factor depends time. function time shows powerlaw behavior, which could an intrinsic property networks. argue our work starting point further explore boost plausibility.

Language: Английский

---

Editorial: Auditory perception and phantom perception in brains, minds and machines

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Oct. 6, 2023

EDITORIAL article Front. Neurosci., 06 October 2023Sec. Auditory Cognitive Neuroscience Volume 17 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1293552

Language: Английский

---

Deficient Central Mechanisms in Tinnitus: Exploring the Impact on Speech Comprehension and Executive Functions

Published: April 25, 2023

Many individuals with chronic subjective tinnitus report significant problems in comprehending speech adverse listening situations. A large body of studies has provided evidence to support the notion that deficits speech-in-noise (SIN) are prevalent population, while some have challenged these findings. Elemental auditory perception is usually only minimally or not impaired. In addition, cognitive functions, particularly executive also been observed tinnitus. Given previous findings, we theorize deficient central mechanisms may be responsible for reported comprehension tinnitus.25 participants suffering from and 25 control participants, between 23 58 years age, were examined a cross-sectional design. The groups case-matched sex, education, hearing loss. audiometric battery was used ranging threshold supra-threshold tasks sentence level tasks. Additionally, four tests performed, primarily covering area functions. Tinnitometry tinnitus-related questionnaires assessed complement sample description allow secondary analyses. We hypothesized score lower SIN function compared healthy controls, no group differences elementary expected.As expected, scored gated (GS) task, there basic recognition task other revealed clear interference Stroop but Flanker group. There inhibition working memory tasks.Our results clearly delineate two on intelligibility under conditions. Further, poorer performance points towards an impaired Taken together, this novel supports view system possibly affecting comprehension.

Language: Английский

---

The Brain as a Template for AI

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 209 - 218

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---