Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology in the Retina

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 101, P. 101273 - 101273

Published: May 15, 2024

The retina is an emerging CNS target for potential noninvasive diagnosis and tracking of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have identified the pathological hallmarks AD, including amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposits abnormal tau protein isoforms, in retinas AD patients animal models. Moreover, structural functional vascular abnormalities such as reduced blood flow, Aβ deposition, blood-retinal barrier damage, along with inflammation neurodegeneration, been described mild cognitive impairment dementia. Histological, biochemical, clinical studies demonstrated that nature severity pathologies brain correspond. Proteomics analysis revealed a similar pattern dysregulated proteins biological pathways patients, enhanced inflammatory neurodegenerative processes, impaired oxidative-phosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, investigational imaging technologies can now detect AD-specific deposits, well vasculopathy neurodegeneration living suggesting alterations at different stages links to pathology. Current exploratory ophthalmic modalities, optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT-angiography, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, hyperspectral imaging, may offer promise assessment AD. However, further research needed deepen our understanding AD's impact on its progression. To advance this field, future require replication larger diverse cohorts confirmed biomarkers standardized retinal techniques. This will validate aiding early screening monitoring.

Language: Английский

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Predicting Alzheimer's disease subtypes and understanding their molecular characteristics in living patients with transcriptomic trajectory profiling

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Deciphering the diverse molecular mechanisms in living Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients is a big challenge but pivotal for prognosis and precision medicine development. Utilizing an optimal transport approach, we conducted graph-based mapping of transcriptomic profiles to transfer AD subtype labels from ROSMAP monocyte samples ADNI ANMerge peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Subsequently, differential expression followed by comparative pathway diffusion pseudotime analysis were applied each cohort infer progression trajectories. Survival with real follow-up time was used obtain potential biomarkers prognosis. accurately transferred onto patients. Pathways associated genes neutrophil degranulation-like immune process, acute phase response, IL-6 signaling significantly progression. The work enhanced our understanding different subtypes, offering insights into personalized interventions improved patient care. We innovative transport-based approach map data studies known cell (PBMC) within cohorts. Through comprehensive trajectory analysis, investigated underlying trajectories AD. validated accuracy label identified prognostic genetic markers progression, facilitating treatment strategies. By identifying predicting distinctive subtypes their pathways, study contributes deeper heterogeneity.

Language: Английский

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Trends and Disparities in Alzheimer’s Disease Mortality in the United States: The Impact of COVID-19

NeuroSci, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 16 - 16

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the fifth leading cause of death for Americans older than 65. Though fluctuations have been noticed over past two decades, mortality patients increased considerably during COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to explore temporal trends in AD-associated (ADAM) and disparities these trends, we aim discern changes Methods: The CDC WONDER Multiple Cause-of-Death Public Use Records from 1999 2022 were used extract population data on deaths related AD stratify them based age, biological sex, race, ethnicity, place death, census region, state. ICD-10 codes G30.0, G30.1, G30.8, G30.9 identify AD-related mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using Joinpoint Regression Program version 5.0.2. Results: We confirmed an increase rate all races, sexes, places age groups above 65, states/census regions. Interestingly, age-adjusted (AAMR) consistently higher females compared males. Non-Hispanic whites had highest by race ethnicity. At intersection White AAMR with AD. Lastly, noted at hospice facilities as other death. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that number due exacerbated recent pandemic disproportionately affected. relating ADAM uncovered this may assist healthcare administrators policymakers their decisions. Additionally, might help initiate larger studies focusing novel risk/prognostic factors

Language: Английский

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EXPLORING EMERGING THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: A FOCUS ON TARGETING NEUROINFLAMMATION AND MOLECULAR PATHWAYS

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative condition marked by cerebral cortical atrophy resulting from the accumulation of beta-amyloid (βA) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). With alarming global prevalence, estimated at 55 million in 2019 projected to reach 139 2050, disease's impact escalating. This review provides a comprehensive overview AD, delving into its historical background, clinical manifestations, burgeoning significance neuroinflammation. Methodology: A literature was conducted utilizing articles PubMed, SciELO, Science databases compile understanding emphasizing role Molecular Bases: The cholinergic hypothesis, glutamatergic dysfunction, amyloid-beta cascade, oligomeric metallic tau hypothesis collectively shape our molecular AD. Despite advancements pharmacological interventions, questions persist about natural history treatment efficacy, particularly addressing cognitive decline. Neuroinflammation: neuroinflammatory process initiated microglia astrocytes responding βA plaque protein accumulation, pivotal aspect progression. Microglial cells, initially beneficial, transform neurotoxic force as advances. Astrocytes also display dual roles, offering neuroprotection early stages but turning pro-inflammatory advanced stages. Anatomophysiological Correlation: anatomical AD unfolds temporal-parietal-frontal course, affecting medial temporal lobe, including entorhinal cortex hippocampus. progression, intertwined with limbic system, results atrophy, episodic memory deficits, dysfunction. Imaging modalities such MRI reveal key changes associated Anatomical-Imaginological findings, lobes hippocampus, ventricular enlargement, sulci widening, offer crucial diagnostic insights. correlation between neuroinflammation becomes evident, interplay structural alterations severity. Discussion: Neuroimaging tests play diagnosing relying on volumetric brain regions. Neuropathological findings underscore neuronal loss, glial cell activation, intricate relationship inflammation central nervous system degeneration. Conclusion: In conclusion, neuroinflammation, triggered formation emerges feature interconnection holds significant prognostic value, contributing evolution facilitating applications. Further research essential unravel complexities develop targeted therapeutic interventions

Language: Английский

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Spectrum of COVID-19 induced liver injury: A review report

World Journal of Hepatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 517 - 536

Published: April 24, 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused changes in the global health system, causing significant setbacks healthcare systems worldwide. This also shown resilience, flexibility, and creativity reacting to tragedy. severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection targets most of tract, resulting a sickness called distress that may be fatal some individuals. Although lung is primary organ targeted by COVID-19 viruses, clinical aspect varied ranges from asymptomatic failure. However, due an unorganized immune response several affected mechanisms, liver experience cell injury, ischemic dysfunction, drug-induced which can result failure because system’s disordered other compromised processes end multisystem Patients with cirrhosis or those who have impaired more likely than groups worse results SARS-CoV-2 infection. We thus intend examine pathogenesis, current therapy, consequences damage concerning COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Alzheimer’s disease following COVID-19: a two player match?

Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 52(6), P. 2547 - 2549

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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