Brain Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1), P. 60 - 60
Published: Dec. 29, 2022
Cholinergic
muscarinic
stimulation
of
vast
areas
the
limbic
brain
induced
a
well-documented
polydipsia
in
laboratory
rats.
This
excessive
water-drinking
behavior
has
not
received
any
convincing
biological
and
physiological
interpretation
for
last
50
years.
review
offers
such
an
suggests
that
cholinergically
drinking
response,
mostly
by
carbachol,
is
associated
with
activation
ascending
mesolimbic
cholinergic
system
serves
initiation
emotional
aversive
arousal
organism.
The
originates
from
laterodorsal
tegmental
nucleus,
diffuse
nature,
affects
numerous
subcortical
structures.
It
proposed
carbachol-induced
response
related
to
state
anxiety
does
serve
regulation
thirst.
Instead,
anxiety-induced
might
occur
as
soothing
procedure
decreases
aversiveness
negative
carbachol.
concluded
rewarding
process
contributes
alleviating
feeling
bringing
some
relief
state,
it
homologue
anxiety-driven
humans.
The
canonical
basal
ganglia
model
predicts
that
the
substantia
nigra
pars
reticulata
(SNr)
and
globus
pallidus
externa
(GPe)
will
have
specific
effects
on
locomotion:
SNr
inhibiting
locomotion
GPe
enhancing
it.
In
this
manuscript,
we
use
in
vivo
optogenetics
to
show
a
projection-defined
neural
subpopulation
within
each
structure
exerts
non-canonical
locomotion.
These
subpopulations
are
defined
by
their
projection
pedunculopontine
nucleus
(PPN)
mediate
opposing
reward.
To
understand
how
these
structures
differentially
modulate
PPN,
ex
whole-cell
recording
with
comprehensively
dissect
connections
regionally–
molecularly-defined
populations
of
PPN
neurons.
inhibits
all
subtypes,
but
most
strongly
caudal
glutamatergic
selectively
GABAergic
neurons,
avoiding
both
cholinergic
rostral
cells.
This
circuit
characterization
reveals
pathways
for
valence.
The
canonical
basal
ganglia
model
predicts
that
the
substantia
nigra
pars
reticulata
(SNr)
and
globus
pallidus
externa
(GPe)
will
have
specific
effects
on
locomotion:
SNr
inhibiting
locomotion
GPe
enhancing
it.
In
this
manuscript,
we
use
in
vivo
optogenetics
to
show
a
projection-defined
neural
subpopulation
within
each
structure
exerts
non-canonical
locomotion.
These
subpopulations
are
defined
by
their
projection
pedunculopontine
nucleus
(PPN)
mediate
opposing
reward.
To
understand
how
these
structures
differentially
modulate
PPN,
ex
whole-cell
recording
with
comprehensively
dissect
connections
regionally–
molecularly-defined
populations
of
PPN
neurons.
inhibits
all
subtypes,
but
most
strongly
caudal
glutamatergic
selectively
GABAergic
neurons,
avoiding
both
cholinergic
rostral
cells.
This
circuit
characterization
reveals
pathways
for
valence.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 13, 2023
Abstract
Ethanol
engages
cholinergic
signaling
and
elicits
endogenous
acetylcholine
release.
Acetylcholine
input
to
the
midbrain
originates
from
mesopontine
tegmentum
(MPT),
which
is
composed
of
laterodorsal
(LDT)
pedunculopontine
tegmental
nucleus
(PPN).
We
investigated
effect
acute
chronic
ethanol
administration
on
glutamatergic
neuron
activation
in
PPN
LDT
male
female
mice.
show
that
selectively
activates
neurons
not
Acute
4.0
g/kg
15
daily
injections
2.0
i.p.
induced
Fos
expression
mice,
whereas
were
unresponsive.
In
contrast,
or
at
either
dose
duration
had
no
MPT
Female
mice
higher
level
baseline
compared
with
males.
also
found
a
population
co-labeled
highly
active
saline-
ethanol-treated
groups
both
sexes.
These
findings
illustrate
complex
differential
effects
across
dose,
time
point,
subregion
sex.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 5, 2022
Abstract
The
midbrain
participates
in
complex
neural
information
processing
the
ascending
and
descending
circuits,
but
their
organization
remains
unclear
due
to
lack
of
comprehensive
dissection
characterization
individual
neurons.
Combining
fluorescent
micro-optical
sectional
tomography
with
sparse
labeling,
we
acquired
whole-brain
dataset
high
resolution
reconstructed
detailed
morphology
pontine-tegmental
cholinergic
neurons
(PTCNs).
As
main
system
midbrain,
PTCNs
own
abundant
axons
length
up
60
cm
5000
terminal
branches
innervate
multiple
brain
regions
from
spinal
cord
cortex
both
hemispheres.
According
various
targeting
could
be
grouped
into
four
types
axonal
fibers
pedunculopontine
nucleus
present
more
divergent
while
laterodorsal
tegmental
contain
richer
dendrites.
In
nuclei,
such
as
thalamus
or
cortex,
sub-regions
separate
pathways.
These
results
provide
understand
connection
logic
midbrain.
Brain Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1), P. 60 - 60
Published: Dec. 29, 2022
Cholinergic
muscarinic
stimulation
of
vast
areas
the
limbic
brain
induced
a
well-documented
polydipsia
in
laboratory
rats.
This
excessive
water-drinking
behavior
has
not
received
any
convincing
biological
and
physiological
interpretation
for
last
50
years.
review
offers
such
an
suggests
that
cholinergically
drinking
response,
mostly
by
carbachol,
is
associated
with
activation
ascending
mesolimbic
cholinergic
system
serves
initiation
emotional
aversive
arousal
organism.
The
originates
from
laterodorsal
tegmental
nucleus,
diffuse
nature,
affects
numerous
subcortical
structures.
It
proposed
carbachol-induced
response
related
to
state
anxiety
does
serve
regulation
thirst.
Instead,
anxiety-induced
might
occur
as
soothing
procedure
decreases
aversiveness
negative
carbachol.
concluded
rewarding
process
contributes
alleviating
feeling
bringing
some
relief
state,
it
homologue
anxiety-driven
humans.
