Food Science of Animal Products, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 9240070 - 9240070
Published: Sept. 1, 2024
Language: Английский
World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2)
Published: March 18, 2025
BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are bioactive components of breast with diverse health benefits, including shaping the gut microbiota, modulating immune system, and protecting against infections. HMOs exhibit dynamic secretion patterns during lactation, influenced by maternal genetics environmental factors. Their direct indirect antimicrobial properties have garnered significant research interest. However, a comprehensive understanding dynamics their correlation efficacy remains underexplored. AIM To synthesize current evidence on lactation evaluate roles bacterial, viral, protozoal pathogens. METHODS A systematic search PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, Cochrane Library focused studies investigating natural synthetic HMOs, dynamics, properties. Studies involving human, animal, in vitro models were included. Data HMO composition, temporal patterns, mechanisms action extracted. Quality assessment was performed using validated tools appropriate for study design. RESULTS total 44 included, encompassing research. exhibited 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) lacto-N-tetraose peaking early declining over time, while 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) increased later stages. demonstrated through pathogen adhesion inhibition, biofilm disruption, enzymatic activity impairment. Synthetic bioengineered 2′-FL 3-FL, structurally functionally comparable to effectively inhibiting pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli Campylobacter jejuni . Additionally, synergistic effects antibiotics, enhancing resistant CONCLUSION vital defense, supporting infant targeting various Both hold potential therapeutic applications, particularly nutrition adjuncts antibiotics. Further research, clinical trials, is essential address gaps knowledge, validate findings, explore broader applicability improving neonatal health.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19
Published: March 31, 2025
The objective of this study was to validate equipment and procedures involved in implementing the novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm with young pigs. Two experiments were run intent determining improvements original, high-throughput NOR design. focus these impact confounding factors on main cognitive outcome, index (RI). Experiment 1 utilized 13 pigs that all performed task following original addition 2 extra testing days. Results from experiment indicated one test day is sufficient for producing RI values differ (p < 0.05) chance performance, which set at 0.50 given use two objects. also may habituate itself after as not different > days or 3. male 16 female determine sex differences outcomes introducing home-cage enrichment. investigative behaviors despite both sexes chance. enrichment less discernable, but evidence suggests a lack influence. Overall, modifications described herein reduced variability primary RI, thereby improved sensitivity behavioral assay compared paradigm.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19
Published: March 31, 2025
Colitis, a chronic intestinal disorder that causes inflammation of the colonic mucosa, has been linked with structural brain abnormalities. To combat inflammation, researchers have investigated how nutritional supplementation, such as butyric acid, may ameliorate untoward effects. By encapsulating and using conjugates butyrate, butyrate glycerides (i.e., tributyrin), slower release to lower portions gastrointestinal tract can be achieved. Additionally, supplementation supporting function regulating integrity. In present study, total 24 intact male pigs were artificially reared randomly assigned 1 3 treatment conditions: (1) control milk replacer (CON), (2) plus oral dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induce colitis, or (3) supplemented 9.0 mM gamma-cyclodextrin encapsulated tributyrin (TBCD) DSS (TBCD+DSS). Pigs orally administered treatments daily from postnatal day (PND) 14-18. Continuous video recording began on PND ceased 27 28, videos processed analyzed for home-cage tracking behavior. On 26 27, underwent neuroimaging procedures assess overall anatomy (MPRAGE), microstructure (DTI), myelin (MWF). Home-cage spatial preference was not altered prior dosing during study period. However, TBCD+DSS spent less (p < 0.05) time within quadrant 4 when compared CON pigs. Across almost all 29 regions assessed, absolute volumes observed smaller in group groups. once individual assessed relative whole brain, most effects dissipated other than gray matter volume = 0.041). Diffusivity found several across groups, thereby indicating differences fiber organization. areas like hippocampus thalamus, fractional anisotropy (FA) values highest given treatment, diffusion metrics (mean, radial, axial diffusivity) lowest same more organized cellular structure. Several trends various regions. Lastly, water fraction (MWF) DSS-treated groups left/right cortices. Overall, organization myelination by experimentally induced colitis contrary expectations, did these Future work is warranted investigate protective mechanisms colitis.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19
Published: May 19, 2025
Introduction In the developmental field, sex differences can alter brain growth and development. Across literature, have been reported in overall volume, white matter, gray matter numerous other regions tracts captured through non-invasive neuroimaging. Growing evidence suggests that appear at birth continue childhood. However, limited work has completed translational animal models, such as domestic pig. Additionally, when using neuroimaging, uncertainties remain about which method best depicts microstructural changes, myelination. Materials methods To address this gap, present study utilized a total of 24 pigs (11 intact males or boars; 13 females gilts) underwent neuroimaging postnatal day (PND) 29 30 to assess structural anatomy (MPRAGE), diffusion (DTI), an estimation myelin content via water fraction (MWF). On PND 32, brains were collected from all pigs, with left hippocampus isolated, sectioned, stained Gallyas silver impregnation quantify density. Results Minimal observed across modalities, only exhibiting ( P = 0.022). 0.038), had higher MWF value compared males. This was supported by histologically derived density assessed positive pixel percentage, but isolated one anatomical plane 0.024) not combined mean 0.333). Further regression analysis determined axial 0.01) 0.048) diffusivity measures, fractional anisotropy MWF, positively correlated hippocampus, independent sex. Discussion These findings suggest 4 weeks age, may better reflect investigation is required confirm underlying mechanisms. Overall, minimal 4-week-old indicating similar structure early stage
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Frontiers in Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12
Published: Nov. 5, 2024
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a diverse group of structures and an abundant bioactive component breastmilk that contribute to infant health development. Preclinical studies indicate roles for HMOs in shaping the gut microbiota, inhibiting pathogens, modulating immune system, influencing cognitive In past decade, several industrially produced have become available fortify formula. Clinical intervention trials with manufactured begun corroborate some physiological effects reported preclinical studies, especially modulation microbiota direction breastfed infants. As more commercially as shared mechanisms action, there is need better understand unique differential individual benefits combining multiple HMOs. This review focuses on different HMO structural classes presents scientific rationale why structurally expected exert greater biological effects.
Language: Английский
Citations
3
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18
Published: Aug. 27, 2024
The novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm is a cognitive test that has been used with many species to detect differences in ability. Various iterations of the have implemented, making it difficult compare results both within and across species. Interpretations are equally diverse, threatening integrity paradigm. These inconsistencies prompted deeper dive into variability resultant data. For purposes this meta-analysis, data originated from 12 studies involving 367 pigs were subjected same NOR beginning between postnatal days 21 24. main measure index (RI), which was focus most analyses meta-analysis. RI chosen as outcome determines pig’s preference for novelty, an innate behavior cognitively intact pigs. A histogram values (range 0 1) showed bimodal distribution skewed right, suggesting interpretation positive performance on task may need be stricter. Correlational proved number investigations investigation time familiar objects strongest predictors values. Objective inclusion criteria then considered eliminate non-compliant Results indicated requiring at least 5 s over minimum 3 reduced overall concomitant increase mean. Further preferred spend more interact entire testing trial, especially first minute. Together, these findings suggest future interpretations should consider applying stricter statistical well additional processing, such binning, emphasis investigation. Overall, modifications existing necessary improve reliability.
Language: Английский
Citations
2
Food Science of Animal Products, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 9240070 - 9240070
Published: Sept. 1, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
1