Brain Glial Cell Tumor Classification through Ensemble Deep Learning with APCGAN Augmentation

International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Classification of brain tumor plays a vital role in medical imaging for accurate diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. Deep learning approaches have gained significant traction this industry because their ability to extract relevant features from images. The research suggests employing an ensemble classifier with weighted voting mechanism categorize glial cell malignancies such as Astrocytoma, Glioblastoma multiforme, Oligodendroglioma, Ependymoma. proposed technique employs three main classifiers: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short Term Memory (C-LSTM), + Conditional Random Fields (DCNN+CRF). algorithms require huge amount input data avoid overfitting. Adaptive Progressive Generative Adversarial Networks (APCGANs) are used produce realistic artificial images efficiently train the methodology. Overall, method strategy consistently outperforms other tested (CNN, C-LSTM, DCNN+CRF). Ensemble attained accuracy 99.4 %, recall - 99.1%, precision- 98.0%, F1-score 99.2%. demonstrates superior performance accurately classifying tumors, making it promising algorithm analysis tasks.

Language: Английский

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Glial Perturbation in Metal Neurotoxicity: Implications for Brain Disorders

Neuroglia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 4 - 4

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Overexposure of humans to heavy metals and essential poses a significant risk for the development neurological neurodevelopmental disorders. The mechanisms through which these exert their effects include generation reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, activation inflammatory pathways, disruption cellular signaling. function glial cells in brain maintenance homeostasis cannot be overlooked. are particularly susceptible metal-induced neurotoxicity. Accumulation promotes microglial activation, triggering responses that can coincide with other neurotoxicity, inducing alteration synaptic transmission, cognitive deficit, neuronal damage. In this review, we highlighted role dysfunction some selected neurodegenerative diseases We further dive into how exposure such as nickel, manganese, methyl mercury, cadmium, iron, arsenic, lead affect functions microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes they on relation Potential therapeutic interventions use new improved chelating agents antioxidant therapies might approach alleviating perturbations.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Analysis of Fibromyalgia and the Role of the Endogenous Opioid System

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 165 - 165

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Fibromyalgia represents a chronic pain disorder characterized by musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and cognitive impairments. The exact mechanisms underlying fibromyalgia remain undefined; as result, diagnosis treatment present considerable challenges. On the other hand, endogenous opioid system is believed to regulate intensity emotional responses; hence, it might be expected play key role in enhanced sensitivity experienced patients. One explanation for emergence of disrupted modulation individuals with significant reduction receptor activity or an imbalance levels peptides. Further research essential clarify complex details this abnormality. This complexity arises from notion that improved understanding could contribute development innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting context fibromyalgia. Although progress being made, complete these complexities remains challenge. paradigm has potential revolutionize management fibromyalgia, although its implementation may experience effectiveness approach depends on multiple factors, but implications profound. Despite challenges involved transformation, improving patient care considerable, condition long been inadequately treated.

Language: Английский

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Astrocytes, the rising stars of the glioblastoma microenvironment

Glia, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 67(5), P. 779 - 790

Published: Sept. 21, 2018

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary tumor, causing thousands of deaths worldwide every year. The mean survival patients with GBM remains below 20 months despite current available therapies. cells' interactions their stromal counterparts are crucial for tumor development. Astrocytes glial cells that comprise ~50% all brain and therefore likely to establish direct contact cells. As other cell types can hijack fibroblasts or immune facilitate growth, actually activate astrocytes, namely, the associated astrocytes (TAAs), promote invasion in healthy tissue. TAAs have thus been shown be involved growth limited response radiation chemotherapy (i.e., Temozolomide). Nevertheless, even though interest cancer research community increasing, role during development still overlooked. Yet, obtaining in‐depth understanding mechanisms by which influence progression might lead new therapeutic strategies. This article reports different levels at recently described in, including proliferation/invasion resistance therapies, especially through activity extracellular vesicles.

Language: Английский

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Protective and Pathological Immunity during Central Nervous System Infections

Immunity, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 46(6), P. 891 - 909

Published: June 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Lipid Metabolism Crosstalk in the Brain: Glia and Neurons

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 21, 2019

Until recently, glial cells have been considered mainly support for neurons in the mammalian brain. However, many studies unveiled a variety of functions including electrolyte homeostasis, inflammation, synapse formation, metabolism, and regulation neurotransmission. The importance these illuminates significant crosstalk between neuronal cells. Importantly, it is known that astrocytes secrete signals can modulate both presynaptic postsynaptic function. It also lipid compositions pre- membranes greatly impact such as vesicle fusion receptor mobility. These data suggest an essential lipid-mediated communication neurons. Little known, however, about how metabolism cell types may interact. In this review, we discuss they might interact to

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Cell–Cell Communication in the Nervous System: Focus on Neurological Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. 434 - 434

Published: Jan. 20, 2019

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are membranous particles released by cells into the extracellular space. They involved in cell differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and organ remodelling virtually all tissues, central nervous system (CNS). secreted a range of types via blood reaching other whose functioning they can modify because transport deliver active molecules, such as proteins various functions, lipids, DNA, miRNAs. Since relatively easy to isolate, exosomes be characterized, their composition elucidated manipulated bioengineering techniques. Consequently, appear promising theranostics elements, applicable accurately diagnosing pathological conditions, assessing prognosis response treatment variety disorders. Likewise, characteristics manageability make them potential candidates for delivering selected e.g., therapeutic drugs, specific target tissues. All these possible applications pertinent research neurophysiology, well study neurological disorders, CNS tumors, autoimmune neurodegenerative diseases. In this brief review, we discuss what is known about role future its diseases, focusing on cell⁻cell communication physiology pathology.

Language: Английский

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An updated assessment of microglia depletion: current concepts and future directions

Molecular Brain, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: June 19, 2017

Microglia are the principal resident immune cells in central nervous system and believed to be versatile players both inflammatory physiological contexts. On one hand, order safeguard microenvironment microglia can rapidly activated by contact with microbial products or cell debris, thereby exerting functions of innate immunity via phagocytosis secretion cytokines chemokines. Conversely, also assist brain development, synaptic plasticity neural repair through production neurotrophic factors clearance myelin debris. It is now well accepted that dysfunction microglia-induced neuroinflammation implicated occurrence progression many neurological diseases. Although past decade has witnessed major progress understanding multi-tasking microglia, what remains largely enigmatic relative importance at different disease stages how should targeted for optimal therapeutic efficacy. Notably, depletion genetic targeting pharmacological therapies viewed as effective tools stimulate new repopulate system. subsequent repopulation defined various experimental animal model disorders allow us extend our knowledge molecular mechanisms, thus holding promise designing strategies resolve promote recovery. Herein we highlight highly plastic diverse phenotypes outline lessons learned from approaches.

Language: Английский

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Astrocytes as Guardians of Neuronal Excitability: Mechanisms Underlying Epileptogenesis

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Nov. 26, 2020

Astrocytes are key homeostatic regulators in the central nervous system and play important roles physiology. After brain damage caused by e.g., status epilepticus, traumatic injury, or stroke, astrocytes may adopt a reactive phenotype. This process of astrogliosis is to restore homeostasis. However, persistent can be detrimental for contributes development epilepsy. In this review, we will focus on physiological functions normal as well pathophysiological epileptogenic brain, with acquired We discuss role astrocyte-related processes epileptogenesis, including astrogliosis, disturbances energy supply metabolism, gliotransmission, extracellular ion concentrations, blood-brain barrier dysfunction dysregulation blood flow. Since contribute epilepsy, also their potential targets new therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Brain-on-a-chip: A history of development and future perspective

Biomicrofluidics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13(5)

Published: Sept. 1, 2019

Since the advent of organ-on-a-chip, many researchers have tried to mimic physiology human tissue on an engineered platform. In case brain tissue, structural connections and cell-cell interactions are important factors for function. The recent development brain-on-a-chip is effort those functional aspects within a miniaturized From this perspective, we provide overview trace development, especially in terms complexity high-content/high-throughput screening capabilities, future perspectives more vivo-like development.

Language: Английский

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