Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 11, 2022
Abstract
The
purpose
of
this
retrospective,
longitudinal
study
is
to
evaluate
the
relationship
between
MD
slope
from
visual
field
tests
collected
over
a
short
period
time
(2
years)
and
current
United
States’
Food
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
recommended
endpoints
for
outcomes.
If
correlation
strong
highly
predictive,
clinical
trials
employing
slopes
as
primary
could
be
employed
in
neuroprotection
with
shorter
duration
help
expedite
development
novel
IOP-independent
therapies.
Visual
patients
or
suspected
glaucoma
were
selected
an
academic
institution
evaluated
based
on
two
functional
progression
endpoints:
1)
five
more
locations
worsening
by
at
least
7
dB,
2)
5
test
upon
GCP
algorithm.
A
total
467
(76.6%)
472
(77.4%)
eyes
reached
Endpoints
B,
respectively,
any
point
time.
359
(58.8%)
progressed
faster
than
0
dB/year,
278
(45.5%)
-0.5
200
(32.7%)
-1.0
dB/year.
It
was
found
that
experiencing
rapid
24-2
2-year
likely
reach
one
FDA
accepted
during
soon
after
period.
Progress in Retinal and Eye Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
100, P. 101261 - 101261
Published: March 26, 2024
Glaucoma
is
the
leading
cause
of
irreversible
blindness
globally.
The
disease
causes
vision
loss
due
to
neurodegeneration
retinal
ganglion
cell
(RGC)
projection
brain
through
optic
nerve.
associated
with
sensitivity
intraocular
pressure
(IOP).
Thus,
mainstay
treatments
seek
manage
IOP,
though
many
patients
continue
lose
vision.
To
address
directly,
numerous
preclinical
studies
develop
protective
or
reparative
therapies
that
act
independently
IOP.
These
include
growth
factors,
compounds
targeting
metabolism,
anti-inflammatory
and
antioxidant
agents,
neuromodulators.
Despite
success
in
experimental
models,
these
approaches
fail
translate
into
clinical
benefits.
Several
factors
contribute
this
challenge.
Firstly,
anatomic
structure
nerve
head
differs
between
rodents,
nonhuman
primates,
humans.
Additionally,
animal
models
do
not
replicate
complex
glaucoma
pathophysiology
Therefore,
enhance
translating
findings,
we
propose
two
approaches.
First,
thorough
evaluation
targets
multiple
including
should
precede
trials.
Second,
advocate
for
combination
therapy,
which
involves
using
agents
simultaneously,
especially
early
potentially
reversible
stages
disease.
strategies
aim
increase
chances
successful
neuroprotective
treatment
glaucoma.
Frontiers in Physiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Aug. 2, 2023
Glaucoma,
an
age-related
neurodegenerative
disease,
is
characterized
by
the
death
of
retinal
ganglion
cells
(RGCs)
and
corresponding
loss
visual
fields.
This
disease
leading
cause
irreversible
blindness
worldwide,
making
early
diagnosis
effective
treatment
paramount.
The
pathophysiology
primary
open-angle
glaucoma
(POAG),
most
common
form
remains
poorly
understood.
Current
available
treatments,
which
target
elevated
intraocular
pressure
(IOP),
are
not
at
slowing
progression
in
approximately
30%
patients.
There
a
great
need
to
identify
study
options
that
other
mechanisms
aid
neuroprotection
for
POAG.
Increasingly,
role
mitochondrial
injury
development
POAG
has
become
emphasized
area
research
interest.
Disruption
function
mitochondria
been
linked
problems
with
neurodevelopment
systemic
diseases.
Recent
studies
have
shown
association
between
RGC
damage
cells'
mitochondria.
In
particular,
oxidative
stress
disrupted
phosphorylation
dynamics
increased
susceptibility
secondary
mechanical
injury.
Several
mitochondria-targeted
treatments
suggested,
including
physical
exercise,
diet
nutrition,
antioxidant
supplementation,
stem
cell
therapy,
hypoxia
exposure,
gene
transplantation,
light
therapy.
Studies
therapeutics
may
potential
slow
protecting
against
decline
associated
age,
genetic
susceptibility,
pathology.
Further,
these
potentially
already
present
neuronal
symptom
manifestations.
this
review,
authors
outline
strategies
discuss
their
utility
use
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(8), P. 2214 - 2214
Published: April 11, 2024
In
recent
years,
researchers
have
been
interested
in
neuroprotective
therapies
as
a
cutting-edge
therapeutic
strategy
to
treat
neurodegenerative
disorders
by
shielding
the
brain
system
from
harmful
events.
Millions
of
individuals
worldwide
suffer
glaucoma,
an
ocular
disease
characterized
gradual
excavation
optic
nerve
head,
retinal
axonal
damage,
and
consequent
visual
loss.
The
pathology’s
molecular
cause
is
still
mostly
unknown,
current
treatments
are
not
able
alter
disease’s
natural
progression.
Thus,
modern
approach
treating
glaucoma
consists
prescribing
medications
with
properties,
line
treatment
suggested
for
other
diseases.
For
this
reason,
several
naturally
derived
compounds,
including
nicotinamide
citicoline,
studied
throughout
time
try
improve
management
exploiting
their
properties.
purpose
review
examine
compounds
that
currently
utilized
clinical
practice
neuroprotection
glaucomatous
patients
based
on
scientific
data,
emphasizing
these
compounds’
pivotal
mechanism
action
well
proven
benefits.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17
Published: Jan. 18, 2024
Introduction
As
with
any
other
radial
glia
in
the
central
nervous
system,
Müller
derive
from
same
neuroepithelial
precursors,
perform
similar
functions,
and
exhibit
neurogenic
properties
as
brain.
glial
cells
retain
progenitor-like
characteristics
adult
human
eye
can
partially
restore
visual
function
upon
intravitreal
transplantation
into
animal
models
of
glaucoma.
Recently,
it
has
been
demonstrated
that
intracellular
communication
is
possible
via
secretion
nano-sized
membrane-bound
extracellular
vesicles
(EV),
which
contain
bioactive
molecules
like
microRNA
(miRNA)
proteins
induce
phenotypic
changes
when
internalised
by
recipient
cells.
Methods
We
conducted
high-throughput
sequencing
to
profile
signature
EV
populations
secreted
culture
used
bioinformatics
tools
evaluate
their
potential
role
neuroprotective
signalling
attributed
these
Results
Sequencing
miRNA
within
suggested
enrichment
species
associated
stem
such
miR-21
miR-16,
well
previously
found
play
a
diverse
cell
functions
retina:
miR-9,
miR-125b,
let-7
family.
A
total
51
miRNAs
were
be
differentially
enriched
compared
whole
originated.
Bioinformatics
analyses
also
indicated
preferential
was
regulate
genes
involved
proliferation
survival,
including
PTEN,
master
inhibitor
PI3K/AKT
pathway.
Discussion
The
results
suggest
release
miRNA-enriched
abundant
anti-apoptotic
networks
likely
represent
significant
proportion
effect
observed
after
retinal
ganglion
(RGC)
depletion.
Future
studies
will
seek
modulation
putative
activation
pathways
vitro
vivo
following
internalisation
Müller-EV
target
neurons.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(1), P. 84 - 84
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Despite
the
massive
efforts
of
modern
medicine
to
stop
evolution
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD),
it
affects
an
increasing
number
people,
changing
individual
lives
and
imposing
itself
as
a
burden
on
families
health
systems.
Considering
that
vast
majority
conventional
drug
therapies
did
not
lead
expected
results,
this
review
will
discuss
newly
developing
alternative
in
effort
or
slow
AD.
Focused
Ultrasound
(FUS)
its
derived
Transcranial
Pulse
Stimulation
(TPS)
are
non-invasive
therapeutic
approaches.
Singly
applied
technique
change
permeability
blood–brain–barrier
(BBB),
FUS
TPS
have
demonstrated
benefits
use
treating
AD
animal
human
studies.
Adipose-derived
stem
Cells
(ADSCs),
gene
therapy,
many
other
methods
(diet,
sleep
pattern,
physical
exercise,
nanoparticle
delivery)
also
new
potential
treatments
since
multimodal
approaches
represent
trend
disorder
research
therapies.
