The neurorehabilitation of post‐stroke dysphagia: Physiology and pathophysiology
The Journal of Physiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 22, 2024
Abstract
Swallowing
is
a
complex
process
involving
the
precise
contractions
of
numerous
muscles
head
and
neck,
which
act
to
shepherd
ingested
material
from
oral
cavity
its
eventual
destination,
stomach.
Over
past
five
decades,
information
animal
human
studies
has
laid
bare
network
neurones
in
brainstem,
cortex
cerebellum
that
are
responsible
for
orchestrating
each
normal
swallow.
Amidst
this
complexity,
problems
can
often
do
occur
result
dysphagia,
defined
as
impaired
or
disordered
swallowing.
Dysphagia
common,
arising
multiple
varied
disease
processes
affect
any
neuromuscular
structures
involved
Post‐stroke
dysphagia
(PSD)
remains
most
prevalent
commonly
studied
form
and,
such,
provides
an
important
model
assess
physiology
pathophysiology.
In
review,
we
explore
neuroanatomical
during
swallowing
PSD.
This
includes
how
strokes
cause
mechanisms
through
natural
neuroplastic
recovery
occurs,
current
treatments
patients
with
persistent
emerging
neuromodulatory
treatments.
image
Language: Английский
Post-stroke dysphagia: Neurological regulation and recovery strategies
BioScience Trends,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
19(1), P. 31 - 52
Published: Feb. 21, 2025
Swallowing
is
a
complex
process
requiring
precise
coordination
of
numerous
muscles
in
the
head
and
neck
to
smoothly
guide
ingested
material
from
mouth
stomach.
Animal
human
studies
have
revealed
network
neurons
brainstem,
cortex,
cerebellum
that
coordinate
normal
swallowing.
The
interactions
between
these
regions
ensure
smooth
efficient
However,
current
understanding
neurophysiological
mechanisms
involved
post-stroke
dysphagia
(PSD)
incomplete,
complete
functional
connectivity
for
swallowing
recovery
remains
understudied
requires
further
exploration.
In
this
review,
we
discussed
neuroanatomy
pathogenesis
PSD
summarized
factors
affecting
recovery.
We
also
described
plasticity
neural
networks
PSD,
including
enhancing
activation
pathways,
cortical
reorganization,
regulation
extracellular
matrix
dynamics
its
components,
modulation
neurotransmitter
delivery,
identification
potential
therapeutic
targets
PSD.
Finally,
strategies
based
on
compensation
motor
learning.
This
review
aimed
provide
reference
clinicians
researchers
promote
optimization
treatments
explore
future
research
directions.
Language: Английский
Revealing Goal-Directed Neural Control of the Pharyngeal Phase of Swallowing
Dysphagia,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 10, 2024
Abstract
Swallowing
is
considered
a
three-phase
mechanism
involving
the
oral,
pharyngeal,
and
esophageal
phases.
The
pharyngeal
phase
relies
on
highly
coordinated
movements
in
pharynx
larynx
to
move
food
through
aerodigestive
crossing.
While
brainstem
has
been
identified
as
primary
control
center
for
of
swallowing,
existing
evidence
suggests
that
higher
brain
regions
can
contribute
controlling
swallowing
match
motor
response
current
context
task
at
hand.
This
cannot
be
exclusively
reflexive
or
voluntary
but
regulated
by
two
neural
systems
,
goal-directed
non-goal-directed
.
capability
allows
adjust
appropriately
based
cognitive
input
learned
knowledge
predictions
paper
reviews
accordingly
develops
novel
perspective
explain
these
capabilities
swallowing.
aims
(1)
integrate
comprehend
neurophysiological
mechanisms
involved
(2)
explore
(non-goal-directed)
(goal-directed)
(3)
provide
clinical
translation
regarding
pathologies
systems,
(4)
highlight
gaps
this
area
require
attention
future
research.
paper,
particular,
complex
neurophysiology
its
breakdown
lead
serious
consequences
such
aspiration
pneumonia
death.
Language: Английский
Evaluating the impact of transcranial electrical stimulation on post-stroke dysphagia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal of International Medical Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
52(10)
Published: Oct. 1, 2024
To
conduct
a
systematic
review
and
meta-analysis
to
assess
the
impact
of
transcranial
electrical
stimulation
(TES),
proposed
as
potential
therapy
for
post-stroke
dysphagia,
on
swallowing
function
in
stroke
survivors.
Language: Английский
Synergistic effects of combined motor and language interventions on stroke rehabilitation: a holistic approach
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18
Published: Nov. 21, 2024
Stroke
patients
typically
suffer
from
a
range
of
symptoms,
such
as
motor
and
language
impairments,
due
to
shared
neural
networks.
The
recovery
process
after
stroke
is
intricate
requires
comprehensive
approach.
While
previous
studies
have
investigated
the
interventions
independently,
this
study
aimed
explore
relationship
between
these
domains
compared
effectiveness
individual
versus
their
combined
use.
Language: Английский
Relationship Between DWI-Based Acute Ischemic Stroke Volume, Location and Severity of Dysphagia
Brain Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(12), P. 1185 - 1185
Published: Nov. 26, 2024
Background/Objectives:
The
impact
of
stroke
location
and
volume
on
the
development
post-stroke
dysphagia
is
not
fully
understood.
aim
this
study
to
evaluate
relationship
between
acute
ischemic
lesions
severity
dysphagia.
Methods:
Brain
MRIs
were
obtained
with
a
1.5
Tesla
MRI
system
(Magnetom
Avanto
B13,
Siemens,
Erlangen,
Germany).
brain
protocol
included
axial
echo
planar
diffusion-weighted
imaging
(DWI).
was
using
DWI
by
drawing
regions
interest
(ROIs).
diagnosis
assessment
carried
out
multidisciplinary
team
Dysphagia
Outcome
Severity
Scale
(DOSS),
Penetration–Aspiration
(PAS),
Pooling
score
(P-score).
threshold
for
statistical
significance
set
at
5%.
Results:
Among
all
patients
enrolled
(n
=
64),
28
(43.8%)
males
36
(56.2%)
females,
mean
age
78.8
years.
Thirty-three
(51.6%)
them
had
mild
thirty-one
(48.4%)
moderate–severe
total
negatively
correlated
DOSS
(r
−0.441,
p
0.0003)
positively
P-score
(rs
0.3054,
0.0328).
Conclusions:
There
are
significant
associations
quantitative
DWI-based
data
anatomical
location.
Language: Английский