Applied Neuropsychology Adult,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 12
Published: Oct. 14, 2024
Individuals
recovering
from
COVID-19
may
experience
persistent
impairment
in
verbal
memory
performance,
potentially
due
to
illness-related
hippocampal
injury.
Although
dysfunction
is
central
schizophrenia,
the
interactions
between
this
vulnerability
and
remain
unclear,
with
no
imaging
studies
addressing
issue
to-date.
To
explore
gap
generate
hypotheses
for
future
research,
we
adopted
a
multiple
case
study
approach.
Two
pairs
of
individuals
an
ICD-10
diagnosis
schizophrenia
were
selected,
each
consisting
one
positive
anamnesis
without.
We
calculated
Reliable
Change
Index
estimate
clinical
significance
performance
changes,
annualized
change
rates
volumes
assessed
against
normative
data.
Compared
their
matches,
cases
did
not
show
mutually
consistent
changes
performance:
experienced
significant
decline
learning,
while
other
showed
general
normalization
test
scores.
Left
comparatively
slowed
increase,
right
hippocampi
decreased
volume,
although
these
atrophy
exceed
those
expected
population
samples.
Based
on
findings,
hypothesize
that
alone
does
lead
schizophrenia.
Instead,
relationship
diseases
depend
additional
factors.
Our
differed
body
mass
index,
systolic
blood
pressure,
sex,
phase
illness,
whole
grey
matter
volume
trajectories,
leading
us
variables
represent
predictors
or
moderators
relationship.
Annals of Neurology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 22, 2024
Objective
To
investigate
neurologic
manifestations
of
post‐acute
sequelae
SARS‐CoV‐2
infection
(Neuro‐PASC)
in
post‐hospitalization
Neuro‐PASC
(PNP)
and
non‐hospitalized
(NNP)
patients
across
the
adult
lifespan.
Methods
Cross‐sectional
study
first
consecutive
200
PNP
1,100
NNP
evaluated
at
a
Neuro‐coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID‐19)
clinic
between
May
2020
March
2023.
Patients
were
divided
into
younger
(18–44
years),
middle‐age
(45–64
older
(65+
years)
age
groups.
Results
Younger
individuals
accounted
for
142
(71%)
995
1100
(90.5%)
patients.
Significant
age‐related
differences
frequencies
comorbidities
abnormal
findings
demonstrated
higher
prevalence
Conversely,
10
months
from
COVID‐19
onset,
we
found
significant
symptoms
indicating
lower
prevalence,
therefore,
symptom
burden,
individuals.
Moreover,
there
subjective
impression
fatigue
(median
[interquartile
range
(IQR)]
patient‐reported
outcomes
measurement
information
system
[PROMIS]
score:
64
[57–69],
63
[57–68],
60.5
[50.8–68.3];
p
=
0.04)
sleep
disturbance
[IQR]
PROMIS
57
[51–63],
56
[53–63],
54
[46.8–58];
0.002)
group,
commensurate
with
impairment
quality
life
(QoL)
among
Finally,
objective
executive
function
National
Institutes
Health
[NIH]
toolbox
48
[35–63],
49
[38–63],
54.5
[45–66.3];
0.01),
working
memory
NIH
47
[40–53],
50
[44–57],
[43–58];
0.0002)
patients,
worst
performance
coming
group.
Interpretation
are
disproportionally
affected
by
regardless
acute
severity.
Although
people
more
frequently
have
comorbidities,
suffer
burden
cognitive
dysfunction
contributing
to
decreased
QoL.
principally
affects
adults
their
prime,
profound
public
health
socioeconomic
impacts
warranting
dedicated
resources
prevention,
diagnosis
interventions.
ANN
NEUROL
2024
Frontiers in Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: March 26, 2025
In
the
intricate
realm
of
interactions
between
hosts
and
pathogens,
Toll-like
receptors
(TLRs),
which
play
a
crucial
role
in
innate
immune
response,
possess
ability
to
identify
specific
molecular
signatures.
This
includes
components
originating
from
pathogens
such
as
SARS-CoV-2,
well
resulting
damage-associated
patterns
(DAMPs),
endogenous
molecules
released
after
cellular
damage.
A
developing
perspective
suggests
that
TLRs
central
neuroinflammation,
fundamental
factor
neurodegenerative
conditions
like
Alzheimer’s
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD).
comprehensive
review
consolidates
current
research
investigating
potential
interplay
TLRs,
their
signaling
mechanisms,
processes
neurodegeneration
following
SARS-CoV-2
infection
with
an
aim
elucidate
involvement
long-term
neurological
complications
COVID-19
explore
targeting
means
implementing
intervention
strategies
for
prevention
or
treatment
COVID-19-associated
brain
outcomes.
Environmental Toxicology and Ecology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
5(1), P. 11 - 32
Published: May 4, 2025
Background:
Neurodegeneration
is
the
progressive
loss
of
neurons'
structural
and
functional
components,
a
common
feature
many
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Its
neurological
side
effects
may
significantly
impact
patients'
mental
physical
health.
Due
to
their
widespread
prevalence,
some
pathologies
have
gained
international
attention
in
recent
years.
Although
its
etiology
not
fully
known,
it
suggested
that
environmental
factors
genetic
predisposition
are
responsible.
Understanding
mechanisms
drive
development
diseases
will
allow
new
therapeutic
strategies
for
prevention
treatment.
In
particular,
postnatal
prenatal
exposure
been
investigated
Summary:
It
has
long
known
role
pregnancy-related
on
brain
intrauterine
changes
diseases.
The
main
crucial
neurodegeneration
neuronal
function
cell
death.
Currently,
drugs
used
treatment
symptomatic
cannot
stop
process
neuron
loss.
Identifying
molecular
commonalities
help
discover
effective
treating
future.
Key
Messages:
This
review
provides
comprehensive
overview
neurotoxic
exposures
neurodegeneration,
specific
sensitivity
nervous
system
toxicant
exposure,
neurodegeneration.
pathophysiological
context,
deciphering
these
contributes
discovery
targets.
INTERNATIONAL NEUROLOGICAL JOURNAL,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
21(3), P. 169 - 175
Published: May 20, 2025
Background.
The
purpose
of
this
study
was
to
determine
the
cytokine
profile,
levels
proteolytic
enzymes,
and
TIMP-1
in
plasma
patients
with
chronic
cerebral
ischemia
(CCI)
following
symptomatic
COVID-19,
considering
gender
differences.
Materials
methods.
research
involved
108
CCI
aged
43
74
years,
including
56
who
had
been
diagnosed
COVID-19
past
9–12
months
(CCI
group)
52
no
history
SARS-CoV-2
infection
group).
participants
were
also
stratified
by
gender.
Plasma
cytokines
(IL-1,
IL-4,
IL-6,
IL-8,
IL-17,
IL-18R,
TNF-,
IFN-),
matrix
metalloproteinases
(MMP-1,
MMP-2,
MMP-3,
MMP-8,
MMP-9,
MMP-10),
measured
using
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay.
Results.
No
significant
differences
revealed
most
without
a
except
for
IL-1,
which
elevated
46.65
%
female
experienced
COVID-19.
Higher
enzymes
MMP-1,
MMP-12
found
male
recovered
from
increases
20.72,
27.33,
20.37
%,
respectively,
compared
infection.
observed
between
groups.
obtained
data
may
indicate
gender-specific
changes
profile
system
Conclusions.
infection,
even
after
long
post-acute
period,
can
activate
alternative
pathogenetic
mechanisms,
dysregulation
cytokine,
systemic
inflammation,
imbalance
characteristics,
exacerbate
ischemic
processes
increase
risk
cerebrovascular
complications.
Exploration of neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
4
Published: March 24, 2025
The
SAR-CoV-2
virus
has
evolved
to
co-exist
with
human
hosts,
albeit
at
a
substantial
energetic
cost
resulting
in
post-infection
neurological
manifestations
[Neuro-post-acute
sequelae
of
SARS-CoV-2
infection
(PASC)]
that
significantly
impact
public
health
and
economic
productivity
on
global
scale.
One
the
main
molecular
mechanisms
responsible
for
development
Neuro-PASC,
individuals
all
ages,
is
formation
inadequate
proteolysis/clearance
phase-separated
amyloid
crystalline
aggregates—a
hallmark
feature
aging-related
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Amyloidogenesis
during
viral
persistence
natural,
inevitable,
protective
defense
response
exacerbated
by
SARS-CoV-2.
Acting
as
chemical
catalyst,
accelerates
hydrophobic
collapse
heterogeneous
nucleation
amorphous
amyloids
into
stable
β-sheet
aggregates.
clearance
aggregates
most
effective
slow
wave
sleep,
when
high
levels
adenosine
triphosphate
(ATP)—a
biphasic
modulator
biomolecular
condensates—and
melatonin
are
available
solubilize
removal.
dysregulation
mitochondrial
dynamics
SARS-CoV-2,
particular
fusion
fission
homeostasis,
impairs
proper
distinct
subpopulations
can
remedy
challenges
created
diversion
substrates
away
from
oxidative
phosphorylation
towards
glycolysis
support
replication
maintenance.
subsequent
reduction
ATP
inhibition
synthesis
sleep
results
incomplete
brain
aggregates,
leading
commonly
associated
age-related
Exogenous
not
only
prevents
dysfunction
but
also
elevates
production,
effectively
augmenting
solubilizing
effect
moiety
ensure
timely,
optimal
disaggregation
pathogenic
prevention
attenuation
Neuro-PASC.
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 3, 2024
ABSTRACT
The
human
genome
comprises
8%
of
endogenous
retroviruses
(HERVs).
Though
HERVS
contribute
to
physiological
functions,
copies
retained
pathogenic
potential.
HERV-W
ENV
protein
was
shown
expressed
in
patients
with
worse
COVID-19
symptoms
and
post-COVID
syndrome.
A
significant
detection
the
mRNA
encoding
from
B
cells
RNAseq
reads
obtained
peripheral
blond
mononuclear
cells.
This
data
stratified
increased
or
post-acute
sequelae
(long
COVID)
after
3
months.
ENV-U3R
RNA
confirmed
display
best
alignment
chromosome
X
ERVWE2
locus.
However,
a
stop
codon
precluding
its
translation
re-addressed
recent
understandings
ribosome
readthrough
mechanisms.
Experimental
results
evidenced
that
this
HERV
gene
can
effectively
express
full-length
presence
molecules
allowing
via
mechanism
at
level.
Results
not
only
confirm
origin
these
patients,
but
show
for
first
time
how
defective
copy
be
translated
into
complete
when
specific
factors
make
it
possible
present
proof
concept
now
requires
further
studies
identify
involved
newly
understood
mechanism,
following
SARS-CoV-2
exposure.
