Published: April 4, 2023
In this thesis I study the development of running in young children by combining neuromuscular and biomechanical measures using novel techniques state-of-the-art statistics. introduce a frame reference for factors underlying children. Chapter 1 introduces muscle synergies clustering which are integral to results thesis. 2 focuses on biomechanics walking treadmill aged 2-9 years old cross-sectional design. Clustering kinetic kinematic parameters across strides revealed no direct agreement between chronological age maturity when comparing their gait patterns adults. When learning run, made use “walk-run-strategy”. This strategy is characterized ability run with combination double support flight phase causing in-phase oscillations potential energies center-of-mass. 3 control locomotion assessed activity particular number structure synergies. Children used walk-run-strategy run. Older incorporated exploratory “optimizing” whereas younger than 3.5 “simpler” motor pattern trending toward larger bursts activation. The increase individual participants could be related exploration. To further detail locomotion, investigated longitudinal design assessing two from first independent steps until about 32 months after onset walking. 4 combined both locomotion. Using like toddlers group adults, determined that can proceed along different trajectories including co-existence immature mature within same session child. Collecting large amounts data easy achieve most experimental presented were therefore collected treadmill. However, does not necessarily represent natural So, 5 explored avenues record outside lab. employed recursive neural networks predict vertical ground reaction force shank accelerometer adults high accuracy led event detection. 6 reflected findings put these into broader context. showed neither nor center-of-mass proper indicators 9 age. proposed some aspects future research such as focusing presence determine apply methods requiring advanced statistics get insights work supports notion linear process. Generally, limit degrees freedom available them resulting reduced range movement, terms control. Based my findings, conclude it possible distinguish constraints. They interact equally important understanding subtle process cannot just few parameters.
Language: Английский