Contribution of sustained attention abilities to real-world academic skills in children

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

Abstract Sustained attention is a critical cognitive ability that improves over the course of development and predicts important real-world outcomes, such as academic achievement. However, majority work demonstrating links between sustained skills has been conducted in lab-based settings lack ecological validity more naturalistic environment, like school. Further, most studies focus on targeted measures specific sub-skills have not fully examined whether this relationship generalizes to broad achievement are used for important, real-world, advancement decisions, standardized test scores. To address gap, we role predicting assessments abilities, where all were assessed group-based environments schools. In sample 700 students aged 9–14, showed was positively related performance (math fluency reading comprehension), well (statewide scores). Moreover, found predictive math compared but equally both types measures. Our findings add our understanding how linked ‘real-world’, school implications designing tools support student’s success.

Language: Английский

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How Should We Slice Up the Executive Function Pie? Striving Toward an Ontology of Cognitive Control Processes

Mind Brain and Education, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 17 - 27

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract There is a vast literature on executive functioning , or the control of one's thoughts and actions in pursuit goal. This broad construct conceptualized as comprising multiple functions (EFs) that support academic achievement other important life outcomes. However, there lack consensus regarding what, exactly, these core EFs are . commentary briefly reviews few dominant models developmental cognitive psychology outlines issues to be addressed; it then illustrates how insights from neuroscience could help us eliminate redundant terminology identify have been largely overlooked. Reaching set will inform efforts scaffold EF development improve educational

Language: Английский

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PsycAssist: A Web-Based Artificial Intelligence System Designed for Adaptive Neuropsychological Assessment and Training

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 122 - 122

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Assessing executive functions in individuals with disorders or clinical conditions can be challenging, as they may lack the abilities needed for conventional test formats. The use of more personalized versions, such adaptive assessments, might helpful evaluating specific needs. This paper introduces PsycAssist, a web-based artificial intelligence system designed neuropsychological assessment and training. PsycAssist is highly flexible scalable based on procedural knowledge space theory used potentially many types tests. We present architecture engine two currently available tests: Adap-ToL, an version Tower London-like to assess planning skills, MatriKS, Raven-like evaluate fluid intelligence. Finally, we describe results investigation usability Adap-ToL MatriKS: evaluators perceived these tools appropriate well-suited their intended purposes, test-takers positive experience. To sum up, represents innovative promising tool tailor evaluation training characteristics individual, useful practice.

Language: Английский

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Validation of an Adaptive Assessment of Executive Functions (ACE-X): Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Analysis of Cognitive Task Performance (Preprint)

Journal of Medical Internet Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27, P. e60041 - e60041

Published: March 3, 2025

Background Executive functions (EFs) predict positive life outcomes and educational attainment. Consequently, it is imperative that our measures of EF constructs are both reliable valid, with advantages for research tools offer efficiency remote capabilities. Objective The objective this study was to evaluate reliability validity evidence a mobile, adaptive measure EFs called Adaptive Cognitive Evaluation-Explorer (ACE-X). Methods We collected data from 2 cohorts participants: test-retest sample (N=246, age: mean 35.75, SD 11.74 y) assess consistency ACE-X task performance over repeated administrations validation involving child or adolescent (5436/6052, 89.82%; 12.78, 1.60 years) adult participants (484/6052, 8%; 38.11, 14.96 examine metrics, internal structures, invariance performance. A subset (132/6052, 2.18%; 37.04, 13.23 also completed similar set cognitive tasks using the Inquisit platform concurrent ACE-X. Results Intraclass correlation coefficients revealed most were moderately very across assessments (intraclass coefficient=0.45-0.79; P<.001). Moreover, in comparisons structures performance, model fit indices suggested network based on partial correlations best (χ228=40.13; P=.06; comparative index=0.99; root square error approximation=0.03, 90% CI 0.00-0.05; Bayesian information criterion=5075.87; Akaike criterion=4917.71) edge weights invariant younger older participants. Spinglass community detection algorithm can be described by 3 communities (selected 85% replications): reconfiguration, attentional control, interference resolution. On other hand, Pearson indicated mixed results between (r=–.05-.62, P<.001-.76). Conclusions These findings suggest valid tool understanding their relations outcome measures.

Language: Английский

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Tablet-based arithmetic fluency assessment reveals developments in math cognition and math achievement from childhood to adolescence

npj Science of Learning, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: April 24, 2025

Arithmetic fluency is regarded as a foundational math skill, typically measured single construct with pencil-and-paper-based timed assessments. We introduce tablet-based assessment of single-digit that captures individual trial response times across several embedded experimental contrasts interest. A large (n = 824) cohort 3rd- 7th grade students (ages 7-13 years) completed this task, revealing effects operation and problem size in "common" problems (i.e., 5 + 3) often examined studies mathematical cognition. also characterize performance on "exceptional" 4 4), which are included tests, yet excluded from most cognitive studies. Overall, individuals demonstrated higher exceptional compared to common problems. However, better predicted standardized tests scores exhibited distinct patterns speed-accuracy tradeoffs relative The affordances quantify multiple dynamics within chained testspresent advantages over traditional assessments, thus enriching the study arithmetic development at scale.

Language: Английский

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Latent network analysis of executive functions across development

Journal of Cognition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 31 - 31

Published: April 2, 2024

Executive functions (EFs) are crucial for academic achievement, physical health, and mental well-being. Previous studies using structural equation models revealed EFs' developmental organization, evolving from one factor in childhood to three factors adults: inhibition, cognitive flexibility, updating. Recent network model confirmed this differentiation adulthood. Reanalyzing previously published data 1019 children (aged 7.8 15.3; 50.4% female; 59.1% White, 15.0% Latinx, 14.3% Bi-racial, 6.7% African American, 4.2% Asian 0.6% Other), study compared analytical methods explore EF development: model, the novel latent variable model. All approaches supported fine-grained EF-specific trajectories throughout development, with inhibition being central updating early adolescence.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Children’s Numeracy and Executive Function Skills via Explicit Integration: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 27, 2024

Executive functions (EF) are crucial to regulating learning and predictors of emerging mathematics. However, interventions that integrate improve mathematics remain poorly understood. 193 four-year-olds (mean age = 3 years:11 months pre-intervention; 111 female, 69% White) were assessed 5 apart, with 103 children randomized an integrated EF intervention. We hypothesized the intervention would scores more than practice-as-usual. Multi-level modelling network analyses applied data. The group improved control in overall numeracy, even when we controlled for differences across settings enhancing practices. measures showed greater interconnectedness between post-intervention. In addition, disadvantaged made gains group. Our findings emphasize need consider EFs their integration co-developing functions, educational socio-economic context.

Language: Английский

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Testing the whole number interference hypothesis: Contributions of inhibitory control and whole number knowledge to fraction understanding.

Developmental Psychology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(8), P. 1407 - 1425

Published: May 11, 2023

The present study tests two predictions stemming from the hypothesis that a source of difficulty with rational numbers is interference whole number magnitude knowledge. First, inhibitory control should be an independent predictor fraction understanding, even after controlling for working memory. Second, if knowledge, then it hinder understanding. These were tested in racially and socioeconomically diverse sample U.S. children (N = 765; 337 female) Grades 3 (ages 8-9), 5 10-11), 7 12-13) who completed battery computerized tests. comparison task included problems both shared components (e.g., 3/5 > 2/5) distinct 2/3 5/9), congruent 5/6 3/4) incongruent 3/4 5/7) Inhibitory predicted performance over above memory across component congruency types. Whole knowledge did not instead positively fractions components. results highlight role understanding suggest its contribution may inhibiting (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Language: Английский

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Measures of executive function may not be indicators of latent constructs

Journal of Neuropsychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 391 - 399

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Executive function (EF) is represented by a multidimensional set of measures. The central EFs considered are inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility (task shifting). Unlike other ability constructs, it has proven difficult to identify latent factors that underlie EF. Research often taken factor analytic approach for grouping executive functioning tasks. However, this unsuccessful. We aimed compare analysis network approach, as can summarize the pattern relationships among elements without creating constructs. One hundred thirteen undergraduate students completed series nine In comparing exploratory analysis, we found neither provided compelling higher order EF

Language: Английский

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Impact of Executive and Adaptive function on functional outcomes in adults with Maple Syrup Urine Disease

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 17, 2024

Abstract Purpose Successful transition to adulthood requires intact executive and adaptive function. These neurocognitive domains, critical for independence, are frequently impaired in inherited metabolic disorders (IMD), though predictive clinical biochemical factors lacking. Standardized assessments linking status with functional outcomes needed improve prognostication tailor support affected emerging adults. Methods Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD), a relatively prevalent IMD, is primarily diagnosed the first week of life through newborn screening. Despite early intervention, dysfunction persist. We designed remote, interactive battery adults (≥21 years) MSUD correlate neurocognition long-term outcomes. Results Assessments completed by 28 (23 after symptom onset) show wide range educational attainment, employment, residence. Executive function, function were significantly compared controls. deficits correlated negatively obtaining skills adult-oriented healthcare or independent living. Clinical history did not predict outcomes, but suggest benefits pre-symptomatic diagnosis. Conclusion Independent attainable individuals MSUD. Routine, targeted assessment may IMD.

Language: Английский

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