International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(4), P. 3278 - 3278
Published: Feb. 7, 2023
A
decrease
in
the
activity
of
insulin
signaling
system
brain,
due
to
both
central
resistance
and
deficiency,
leads
neurodegeneration
impaired
regulation
appetite,
metabolism,
endocrine
functions.
This
is
neuroprotective
properties
brain
its
leading
role
maintaining
glucose
homeostasis
as
well
network
responsible
for
functioning
nervous,
endocrine,
other
systems.
One
approaches
restore
use
intranasally
administered
(INI).
Currently,
INI
being
considered
a
promising
drug
treat
Alzheimer’s
disease
mild
cognitive
impairment.
The
clinical
application
developed
treatment
neurodegenerative
diseases
improve
abilities
stress,
overwork,
depression.
At
same
time,
much
attention
has
recently
been
paid
prospects
using
cerebral
ischemia,
traumatic
injuries,
postoperative
delirium
(after
anesthesia),
diabetes
mellitus
complications,
including
dysfunctions
gonadal
thyroid
axes.
review
devoted
current
trends
these
diseases,
which,
although
differing
etiology
pathogenesis,
are
characterized
by
brain.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
10(7), P. 1582 - 1582
Published: July 2, 2022
The
concept
of
insulin
resistance
has
been
around
since
a
few
decades
after
the
discovery
itself.
To
allude
to
classic
Charles
Dicken's
novel
published
62
years
before
insulin,
in
some
ways,
this
is
best
times,
as
expanded
include
brain,
with
realization
that
life
beyond
regulation
glucose.
In
other
it
worst
times
implicated
devastating
diseases,
including
diabetes
mellitus,
obesity,
and
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
affect
brain.
Peripheral
affects
nearly
quarter
United
States
population
adults
over
age
20.
More
recently,
AD,
degree
brain
correlating
cognitive
decline.
This
led
investigation
or
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
question
relation
between
CNS
peripheral
resistance.
While
both
may
involve
dysregulated
signaling,
two
conditions
are
not
identical
always
interlinked.
review,
we
compare
contrast
similarities
differences
We
also
discuss
how
an
apolipoprotein
involved
signaling
related
E
(apoE),
distinct
pools
periphery
can
indirectly
each
system.
As
these
systems
separated
but
linked
via
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB),
role
BBB
mediating
connections
tissues.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(4), P. 3506 - 3506
Published: Feb. 9, 2023
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
neurodegenerative
disorder
associated
with
cognitive
decline.
Despite
worldwide
efforts
to
find
cure,
no
proper
treatment
has
been
developed
yet,
and
the
only
effective
countermeasure
prevent
progression
by
early
diagnosis.
The
reason
why
new
drug
candidates
fail
show
therapeutic
effects
in
clinical
studies
may
be
due
misunderstanding
cause
of
AD.
Regarding
AD,
most
widely
known
amyloid
cascade
hypothesis,
which
deposition
beta
hyperphosphorylated
tau
cause.
However,
many
hypotheses
were
suggested.
Among
them,
based
on
preclinical
evidence
supporting
connection
between
AD
diabetes,
insulin
resistance
pointed
out
as
an
important
factor
development
Therefore,
reviewing
pathophysiological
background
brain
metabolic
insufficiency
leading
pathology,
we
will
discuss
how
can
Aging and Disease,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 0 - 0
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
is
common
and
increasing
in
prevalence
worldwide,
with
devastating
public
health
consequences.
While
peripheral
insulin
resistance
a
key
feature
of
most
forms
T2DM
has
been
investigated
for
over
century,
research
on
brain
(BIR)
more
recently
developed,
including
the
context
non-diabetes
states.
Recent
data
support
presence
BIR
aging
brain,
even
states,
found
that
may
be
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
contributes
to
cognitive
impairment.
Further,
therapies
used
treat
are
now
being
AD
treatment
prevention,
insulin.
In
this
review,
we
offer
definition
BIR,
present
evidence
AD;
discuss
expression,
function,
activation
receptor
(INSR)
brain;
how
could
develop;
tools
study
BIR;
correlates
current
hallmarks;
regional/cellular
involvement
BIR.
We
close
discussion
resilience
both
AD,
can
improved
better
understand
future
avenues
research.
Overall,
review
position
paper
highlights
as
plausible
therapeutic
target
prevention
decline
dementia
due
AD.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(4), P. 3278 - 3278
Published: Feb. 7, 2023
A
decrease
in
the
activity
of
insulin
signaling
system
brain,
due
to
both
central
resistance
and
deficiency,
leads
neurodegeneration
impaired
regulation
appetite,
metabolism,
endocrine
functions.
This
is
neuroprotective
properties
brain
its
leading
role
maintaining
glucose
homeostasis
as
well
network
responsible
for
functioning
nervous,
endocrine,
other
systems.
One
approaches
restore
use
intranasally
administered
(INI).
Currently,
INI
being
considered
a
promising
drug
treat
Alzheimer’s
disease
mild
cognitive
impairment.
The
clinical
application
developed
treatment
neurodegenerative
diseases
improve
abilities
stress,
overwork,
depression.
At
same
time,
much
attention
has
recently
been
paid
prospects
using
cerebral
ischemia,
traumatic
injuries,
postoperative
delirium
(after
anesthesia),
diabetes
mellitus
complications,
including
dysfunctions
gonadal
thyroid
axes.
review
devoted
current
trends
these
diseases,
which,
although
differing
etiology
pathogenesis,
are
characterized
by
brain.
