International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(24), P. 15688 - 15688
Published: Dec. 10, 2022
Growing
evidence
supports
the
pivotal
role
of
bidirectional
interplay
between
gut
microbiota
and
central
nervous
system
during
progression
alcohol
use
disorder
(AUD).
In
our
previous
study,
supplementation
with
sodium
butyrate
(SB)
in
C57BL/6J
mice
prevented
increased
ethanol
consumption
a
binge-like
drinking
paradigm
(DID)
as
result
treatment
non-absorbable
antibiotic
cocktail
(ABX).
this
we
tested
hypothesis
that
SB
protection
against
enhanced
ABX-induced
is
partially
due
to
modulation
neuroinflammatory
responses.
Pro-
anti-inflammatory
cytokines,
well
changes
microglia
astrocytes
were
analyzed
hippocampus
tissues
from
ABX-,
SB-,
ABX+SB-treated
subjected
4-week
DID.
We
found
without
or
ABX
mRNA
levels
key
brain
cytokines
(MCP-1,
TNF-α,
IL-1β,
IL-6
IL-10)
while
these
changes.
Additionally,
microglia,
i.e.,
increase
Iba-1
positive
cell
number
morphology,
astrocytes,
decrease
GFAP-positive
number,
induced
by
combination
treatments.
Our
results
suggest
metabolites
can
influence
behavior
neuroinflammation,
highlighting
potential
for
microbiome-targeting
strategies
prevention
AUD.
Pharmacological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
75(1), P. 62 - 158
Published: Dec. 8, 2022
The
neurotransmitter
dopamine
is
a
key
factor
in
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
function,
regulating
many
processes
including
reward,
movement,
and
cognition.
Dopamine
also
regulates
critical
functions
peripheral
organs,
such
as
blood
pressure,
renal
activity,
intestinal
motility.
Beyond
these
functions,
growing
body
of
evidence
indicates
that
an
important
immunoregulatory
factor.
Most
types
immune
cells
express
receptors
other
dopaminergic
proteins,
take
up,
produce,
store,
and/or
release
dopamine,
suggesting
immunomodulation
for
function.
Targeting
pathways
could
be
promising
avenue
the
treatment
inflammation
disease,
but
despite
increasing
research
this
area,
data
on
specific
effects
disease
remain
inconsistent
poorly
understood.
Therefore,
review
integrates
current
knowledge
role
cell
function
inflammatory
signaling
across
systems.
We
discuss
understanding
regulation
CNS
tissues,
highlighting
diseases
Parkinson’s
several
neuropsychiatric
conditions,
neurologic
human
immunodeficiency
virus,
bowel
rheumatoid
arthritis,
others.
Careful
consideration
given
to
influence
experimental
design
results,
we
note
number
areas
need
further
research.
Overall,
our
immunology
at
cellular,
tissue,
level
prompts
development
therapeutics
strategies
targeted
toward
ameliorating
through
immunity.
Significance
Statement
Canonically,
recognized
involved
cognition,
reward.
However,
acts
modulator
periphery.
This
comprehensively
assesses
pathogenesis
cellular
tissue
level.
will
provide
broad
access
information
fields,
identify
investigation,
drive
therapeutic
strategies.
Translational Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Oct. 6, 2023
Abstract
Substance
use
in
adolescence
is
a
known
risk
factor
for
the
development
of
neuropsychiatric
and
substance
disorders
adulthood.
This
part
due
to
fact
that
critical
aspects
brain
occur
during
adolescence,
which
can
be
altered
by
drug
use.
Despite
concerted
efforts
educate
youth
about
potential
negative
consequences
use,
initiation
remains
common
amongst
adolescents
world-wide.
Additionally,
though
there
has
been
substantial
research
on
topic,
many
questions
remain
predictors
adolescent
In
following
review,
we
will
highlight
some
most
recent
literature
neurobiological
behavioral
effects
rodents,
non-human
primates,
humans,
with
specific
focus
alcohol,
cannabis,
nicotine,
interactions
between
these
substances.
Overall,
consumption
substances
produce
long-lasting
changes
across
variety
structures
networks
have
enduring
behavior,
emotion,
cognition.
Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: Oct. 19, 2022
Decades
of
research
advances
have
established
a
central
role
for
endogenous
opioid
systems
in
regulating
reward
processing,
mood,
motivation,
learning
and
memory,
gastrointestinal
function,
pain
relief.
Endogenous
are
present
ubiquitously
throughout
the
peripheral
nervous
system.
They
composed
four
families,
namely
μ
(MOPR),
κ
(KOPR),
δ
(DOPR),
nociceptin/orphanin
FQ
(NOPR)
receptors
systems.
These
signal
through
action
their
peptides
β-endorphins,
dynorphins,
enkephalins,
nociceptins,
respectfully,
to
maintain
homeostasis
under
normal
physiological
states.
Due
prominent
regulation,
exogenous
opioids—primarily
targeting
MOPR,
been
historically
used
medicine
as
analgesics,
but
ability
produce
euphoric
effects
also
high
risks
abuse.
The
use
perturb
system
particularly
within
system,
may
increase
likelihood
developing
disorder
(OUD).
Today,
crisis
represents
major
social,
economic,
public
health
concern.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
current
state
literature
on
expression,
pharmacology,
regulation
pain.
Additionally,
discuss
adaptations
upon
opioids
which
contribute
development
OUD.
Finally,
describe
intricate
relationship
between
pain,
systems,
proclivity
misuse,
well
potential
generating
safer
more
efficient
therapies.
Frontiers in Public Health,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Jan. 25, 2024
Opioid
use
disorder
(OUD)
is
a
major
public
health
threat,
contributing
to
morbidity
and
mortality
from
addiction,
overdose,
related
medical
conditions.
Despite
our
increasing
knowledge
about
the
pathophysiology
existing
treatments
of
OUD,
it
has
remained
relapsing
remitting
for
decades,
with
rising
deaths
overdoses,
rather
than
declining.
The
COVID-19
pandemic
accelerated
increase
in
overall
substance
interrupted
access
treatment.
If
increased
naloxone
access,
more
buprenorphine
prescribers,
greater
treatment,
enhanced
reimbursement,
less
stigma
various
harm
reduction
strategies
were
effective
overdose
would
not
be
at
an
all-time
high.
Different
prevention
treatment
approaches
are
needed
reverse
concerning
trend
OUD.
This
article
will
review
recent
trends
limitations
on
medications
OUD
briefly
novel
that
have
potential
durable
medications.
focus
promising
interventional
treatments,
psychedelics,
neuroimmune,
neutraceutical,
electromagnetic
therapies.
At
different
phases
investigation
FDA
approval,
these
just
reduce
overdoses
deaths,
but
attenuate
as
well
address
comorbid
disorders.
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: April 26, 2022
Chronic
exposure
to
addictive
drugs
in
substance
use
disorders
and
stressors
mood
render
the
brain
more
vulnerable
inflammation.
Inflammation
brain,
or
neuroinflammation,
is
characterized
by
gliosis,
microglial
activation,
sustained
release
of
cytokines,
chemokines,
pro-inflammatory
factors
compromising
permeability
blood-brain
barrier.
There
increased
curiosity
understanding
how
misuse
and/or
repeated
stress
affect
inflammation
contribute
abnormal
neuronal
activity,
altered
neuroplasticity,
impaired
cognitive
control,
which
eventually
promote
compulsive
drug-use
behaviors
worsen
disorders.
This
review
will
emphasize
human
imaging
studies
explore
link
between
function
peripheral
markers
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(6), P. 922 - 922
Published: May 31, 2023
During
the
last
decade,
substance
use
disorders
(SUDs)
have
been
increasingly
recognized
as
neuroinflammation-related
brain
diseases.
Various
types
of
abused
drugs
(cocaine,
methamphetamine,
alcohol,
opiate-like
drugs,
marijuana,
etc.)
can
modulate
activation
status
microglia
and
neuroinflammation
levels
which
are
involved
in
pathogenesis
SUDs.
Several
neuroimmune
signaling
pathways,
including
TLR/NF-кB,
reactive
oxygen
species,
mitochondria
dysfunction,
well
autophagy
defection,
etc.,
implicated
promoting
Recently,
inflammasome-mediated
has
identified
playing
critical
roles
induced
by
drugs.
Among
family
inflammasomes,
NOD-,
LRR-,
pyrin-domain-containing
protein
3
(NLRP3)
serves
primary
research
target
due
to
its
abundant
expression
microglia.
NLRP3
capability
integrating
multiple
external
internal
inputs
coordinately
determining
intensity
under
various
pathological
conditions.
Here,
we
summarize
effects
on
others,
if
any.
The
this
topic
is
still
at
an
infant
stage;
however,
readily
available
findings
suggest
that
inflammasome
could
be
a
common
downstream
effector
stimulated
play
abused-drug-mediated
biological
through
enhancing
glia–neuron
communications.
might
serve
novel
for
ameliorating
development
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11(12), P. 1824 - 1824
Published: Dec. 3, 2021
Substance
use
disorders
are
a
group
of
diseases
that
associated
with
social,
professional,
and
family
impairment
represent
high
socio-economic
impact
on
the
health
systems
countries
around
world.
These
present
very
complex
diagnosis
treatment
regimen
due
to
lack
suitable
biomarkers
supporting
correct
classification
difficulty
selecting
effective
therapies.
Over
last
few
years,
several
studies
have
pointed
out
these
addictive
systemic
central
nervous
system
inflammation,
which
could
play
relevant
role
in
onset
progression
diseases.
Therefore,
identifying
different
immune
components
as
such
be
crucial
step
promote
appropriate
treatment.
Thus,
this
work
aims
provide
an
overview
alterations
may
various
disorders.
International Immunopharmacology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
107, P. 108696 - 108696
Published: March 15, 2022
Drug
withdrawal
elicits
immune
responses
that
contribute
to
the
development
of
symptoms
and
relapse.
The
understanding
immunologic
dynamics
after
drug
is
limited,
precluding
finding
promising
intervention
measures.
Here,
we
performed
cytokine
multiplex
profiling
in
heroin,
methamphetamine
(METH)
ephedrine
users
identified
correlation
between
cytokines
other
parameters.
We
showed
broad
strong
inflammatory
occurred
at
early
stage
withdrawal,
a
downtrend
with
extension
time.
Notably,
dysregulation
remained
through
may
last
longer
than
12
months
heroin
METH
users.
Our
findings
suggest
cytokines,
cells,
complement
immunoglobulin
form
complex
network
regulates
withdrawal.
These
data
provide
reference
for
future
scientific
research
development.
