Morphology and Chemical Messenger Regulation of Echinoderm Muscles

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1349 - 1349

Published: Oct. 20, 2023

The muscular systems of echinoderms play important roles in various physiological and behavioral processes, including feeding, reproduction, movement, respiration, excretion. Like vertebrates, echinoderm muscle can be subdivided into two major divisions, somatic visceral musculature. former usually has a myoepithelial organization, while the latter contains bundles formed by aggregation myocytes. Neurons their processes are also detected between these cells myocytes, which capable releasing variety neurotransmitters neuropeptides to regulate activity. Although many studies have reported pharmacological effects chemical messengers on muscles echinoderms, there been limited research receptors signaling pathways. physiology is similar that chordates, both deuterostome mode development. Studies regulation provide new insights evolution myoregulatory deuterostomes.

Language: Английский

Functional characterisation of neuropeptides that act as ligands for both calcitonin-type and pigment-dispersing factor-type receptors in a deuterostome

Published: Sept. 23, 2024

The calcitonin (CT) family of related peptides exert their diverse physiological effects in mammals via two G-protein coupled receptors, CTR and the CTR-like receptor CLR. Analysis phylogenetic distribution CT-type signaling has revealed occurrence CTR/CLR-type proteins deuterostome protostome invertebrates. Furthermore, experimental studies have that Drosophila melanogaster CT-like peptide DH 31 can act as a ligand for pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) receptor. Here we investigated mechanisms functions neuropeptides invertebrate, sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (phylum Echinodermata). In A. japonicus, single gene encodes (AjCT1 AjCT2), both which ligands (AjCTR) PDF-type receptors (AjPDFR1, AjPDFR2), but with differential activation downstream cAMP/PKA, Gαq/Ca 2+ /PKC ERK1/2 pathways. expression encoding AjCT1 AjCT2 transcripts variety organ systems, highest circumoral nervous system. vitro pharmacological experiments and/or cause dose-dependent relaxation longitudinal body wall muscle intestine preparations. vivo loss-of-function tests potential role promoting feeding growth . This is first study to obtain evidence deuterostome. because economic importance foodstuff, discovery regulators this species may provide basis practical applications aquaculture.

Language: Английский

Functional characterisation of neuropeptides that act as ligands for both calcitonin-type and pigment-dispersing factor-type receptors in a deuterostome

Published: Sept. 23, 2024

The calcitonin (CT) family of related peptides exert their diverse physiological effects in mammals via two G-protein coupled receptors, CTR and the CTR-like receptor CLR. Analysis phylogenetic distribution CT-type signaling has revealed occurrence CTR/CLR-type proteins deuterostome protostome invertebrates. Furthermore, experimental studies have that Drosophila melanogaster CT-like peptide DH 31 can act as a ligand for pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) receptor. Here we investigated mechanisms functions neuropeptides invertebrate, sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (phylum Echinodermata). In A. japonicus, single gene encodes (AjCT1 AjCT2), both which ligands (AjCTR) PDF-type receptors (AjPDFR1, AjPDFR2), but with differential activation downstream cAMP/PKA, Gαq/Ca 2+ /PKC ERK1/2 pathways. expression encoding AjCT1 AjCT2 transcripts variety organ systems, highest circumoral nervous system. vitro pharmacological experiments and/or cause dose-dependent relaxation longitudinal body wall muscle intestine preparations. vivo loss-of-function tests potential role promoting feeding growth . This is first study to obtain evidence deuterostome. because economic importance foodstuff, discovery regulators this species may provide basis practical applications aquaculture.

Language: Английский