Challenges of Investigating Compartmentalized Brain Energy Metabolism Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in vivo

Neurochemical Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 50(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

Abstract Brain function requires continuous energy supply. Thus, unraveling brain metabolic regulation is critical not only for our basic understanding of overall function, but also the cellular basis functional neuroimaging techniques. While it known that metabolism exquisitely compartmentalized between astrocytes and neurons, neuro-energetic activity far from fully understood. 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been widely used to detect variations in metabolite levels, including glutamate GABA, while 13 C NMR employed study compartmentation determine rates coupled activity, focusing mainly on component corresponding excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission. The oxidative neurons are both associated with rate glutamate-glutamine cycle astrocytes. However, any possible correlation pathways inhibitory GABAergic neurotransmission living remains be experimentally demonstrated. That due low GABA consequent challenge determining a non-invasive manner. This brief review surveys state-of-the-art analyses contributing synthesis using vivo, identifies limitations need overcome future studies.

Language: Английский

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Stress in utero: prenatal dexamethasone exposure causes greater structural gliovascular alterations in female offspring than in males

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: March 24, 2025

From early in life, experiences like prenatal stress profoundly affect long-term health and behavior. Fetal exposure to increased levels of glucocorticoids (GC), via maternal or through antenatal corticosteroid therapy (commonly used women at risk preterm birth), can disrupt brain development raise the susceptibility psychiatric disorders. Previous studies on synthetic GCs, such as dexamethasone (DEX), revealed impairments neurogenesis dendritic spine development. However, impact stress, specifically DEX exposure, gliovascular interface remains unclear. This interface, involving relationship between astrocytes blood vessels, is essential for healthy Astrocytic endfeet coverage organization are crucial features this study, we evaluated these aspects aquaporin-4 (AQ4) expression along lectin labelled-vasculature. At Postnatal Day 14, no differences AQ4 were observed males females. induced by (50 μg/kg was administered subcutaneously pregnant mice gestational days 16, 17 18) significantly impacted structure females but not males. Specifically, female offspring prenatally exposed DEX, upregulated hippocampus, its rearrangement prefrontal cortex. A comparison vascular density male brains showed significant sex any analyzed regions, though cerebellar vessel segments shorter. Interestingly, caused morphological alterations brains, including tortuosity, while changes seen In reduced segment length did cerebellum, study highlights sex-specific across various suggesting a potential molecular target relevant depressive-like behaviors offspring. Future needed correlate structural found with functional disturbances mental issues.

Language: Английский

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Alcohol-induced accumbal dopamine- and taurine release in female and male Wistar rats, an in vivo microdialysis study

Journal of Neural Transmission, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 18, 2025

Abstract Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a relapsing brain involving major neurobiological changes. Upon alcohol exposure, dopamine (DA) levels increase in the nucleus accumbens (nAc), key region of mesolimbic DA system involved reward and reinforcement. A concomitant extracellular taurine within nAc has been shown to be important for alcohol-induced increase. Sex differences consumption development AUD have previously shown. However, knowledge regarding sex release limited. The aim this study was examine potential increases nAc, following local systemic administration. To end, vivo microdialysis performed using male female Wistar rats. Following administration, both rats displayed significant with no observed differences. In contrast, males administration locally into whilst blunted response an attenuated Basal or did not differ significantly between females. results presented here suggest that accumbal mechanisms contribute greater extent compared rats, similar sexes.

Language: Английский

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Regional variations in cingulate cortex glutamate levels: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 3T

Journal of Neurophysiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 132(5), P. 1520 - 1529

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Regional variations in glutamate levels across the cingulate cortex, decreasing rostral to caudal, have been observed previously healthy volunteers with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (

Language: Английский

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