Improving brain health via the central executive network

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Abstract Cognitive and physical stress have significant effects on brain health, particularly through their influence the central executive network (CEN). The CEN, which includes regions such as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex inferior parietal lobe, is to managing demands of cognitively challenging motor tasks. Acute can temporarily reduce connectivity within leading impaired cognitive function emotional states. However a rebound in these states often follows, driven by motivational signals mesocortical mesolimbic pathways, help sustain inhibitory control task execution. Chronic exposure challenges leads long‐term improvements CEN functionality. These changes are supported neurochemical, structural systemic adaptations, including mechanisms tissue crosstalk. Myokines, adipokines, anti‐inflammatory cytokines gut‐derived metabolites contribute biochemical environment that enhances neuroplasticity, reduces neuroinflammation supports neurotransmitters serotonin dopamine. processes strengthen connectivity, improve self‐regulation enable individuals adopt health‐optimizing behaviours. Long‐term activity not only but also risk age‐related decline neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights role progressive exercise practical approach strengthening promoting offering strategy resilience well‐being across lifespan. image

Language: Английский

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Microglia Signatures: A Cause or Consequence of Microglia-Related Brain Disorders?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(20), P. 10951 - 10951

Published: Oct. 11, 2024

Microglia signatures refer to distinct gene expression profiles or patterns of activity that are characteristic microglia. Advances in profiling techniques, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, have allowed us study microglia at a more detailed level and identify unique associated, but not always, with different functional states these cells. Microglial depend on the developmental stage, brain region, specific pathological conditions. By studying signatures, it has been possible gain insights into underlying mechanisms microglial activation begin develop targeted therapies modulate microglia-mediated immune responses CNS. Historically, first two coincide M1 pro-inflammatory M2 anti-inflammatory phenotypes. The one includes upregulation genes CD86, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, while second may involve like CD206, Arg1, Chil3, TGF-β. However, long known many phenotypes exist between M2, likely corresponding signatures. Here, we discuss their association, if any, neurodegenerative pathologies other disorders.

Language: Английский

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Endurance Exercise Training Alleviates Hepatic Lipocalin‐2 Release and Prevents Anxiety‐Like Disorders in Chronically Stressed Mice

Advanced Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 8, 2025

Abstract Exercise training can prevent anxiety disorders in both rodent models and human cohorts. The involvement of peripheral factors exercise‐mediated mental health is being appreciated. It recently shown that the hepatic biosynthesis lipocalin‐2 (LCN2) respond to chronic restraint stress (CRS) elicit anxiety‐like behaviors via inhibiting neural activity medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Here, it found 14‐day treadmill exercise ameliorates these CRS‐treated mice. Further assays show intervention reduces release LCN2. Meanwhile, may also counteract adverse effect LCN2 relieving cortical microglial cell proliferation. results collectively suggest modulate liver‐brain axis reshape for preventing disorders.

Language: Английский

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Low-Intensity Physical Exercise is Associated with Improved Myelination and Reduced Microglial Activation in a Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination Model

Neurochemical Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 50(3)

Published: June 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Role of Ion-Transporting Proteins on Crosstalk Between the Skeletal Muscle and Central Nervous Systems Elicited by Physical Exercise

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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