Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Sept. 5, 2024
This
comprehensive
review
undertakes
a
multidisciplinary
exploration
of
the
gut-lung
axis,
from
foundational
aspects
anatomy,
embryology,
and
histology,
through
functional
dynamics
pathophysiology,
to
implications
for
clinical
science.
The
bidirectional
communication
pathway,
is
central
understanding
interconnectedness
gastrointestinal-
respiratory
systems,
both
which
share
embryological
origins
engage
in
continuous
immunological
crosstalk
maintain
homeostasis
defend
against
external
noxa.
An
essential
component
this
axis
mucosa-associated
lymphoid
tissue
system
(MALT),
orchestrates
immune
responses
across
these
distant
sites.
delves
into
role
gut
microbiome
modulating
interactions,
highlighting
how
microbial
dysbiosis
increased
permeability
("leaky
gut")
can
precipitate
systemic
inflammation
exacerbate
conditions.
Moreover,
we
thoroughly
present
implication
oncological
practice,
particularly
lung
cancer
development
response
immunotherapies.
Our
work
seeks
not
only
synthesize
current
knowledge
spectrum
science
related
but
also
inspire
future
interdisciplinary
research
that
bridges
gaps
between
basic
application.
ultimate
goal
was
underscore
importance
holistic
advocating
an
integrated
approach
unravel
its
complexities
human
health
disease.
Gut Microbes,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: Aug. 8, 2024
Multiple
sclerosis
(MS)
is
a
chronic
and
progressive
autoimmune
disease
of
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
with
both
genetic
environmental
factors
contributing
to
pathobiology
disease.
While
human
leukocyte
antigen
(HLA)
genes
have
emerged
as
strongest
factor,
consensus
on
risk
are
lacking.
Recently,
trillions
microbes
residing
in
our
gut
(microbiome)
potential
factor
linked
MS
PwMS
show
microbial
dysbiosis
(altered
microbiome).
Thus,
there
has
been
strong
emphasis
understanding
(host
environmental)
regulating
composition
microbiota
mechanism(s)
through
which
contribute
disease,
especially
immune
modulation.
A
better
these
interactions
will
help
harness
enormous
therapeutic
approach
treating
MS.
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(9), P. e0291022 - e0291022
Published: Sept. 1, 2023
Recently,
myocardial
ischemia-reperfusion
(I/R)
injury
was
suggested
associated
with
intestinal
flora.
However,
irisin
has
demonstrated
beneficial
effects
on
I/R
injury,
thus
increasing
interest
in
exploring
its
mechanism.
Therefore,
whether
interferes
gut
microbiota
and
mucosal
barrier
during
investigated
the
present
study.
Irisin
found
to
reduce
infiltration
of
inflammatory
cells
fracture
tissue,
enzyme
levels,
infarction
(MI)
area.
In
addition,
data
showed
that
reverses
I/R-induced
dysbiosis
as
indicated
by
decreased
abundance
Actinobacteriota
increased
Firmicutes,
maintains
integrity,
reduces
metabolic
endotoxemia,
inhibits
production
proinflammatory
cytokines
interleukin
1β
(IL-1β),
6
(IL-6),
tumor
necrosis
factor
α
(TNF-α).
Based
results,
could
be
a
good
candidate
for
ameliorating
diseases
alleviating
dysbiosis,
endothelial
dysfunction
anti-inflammatory
properties.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(2), P. 485 - 485
Published: Jan. 8, 2025
Aneurysmal
subarachnoid
hemorrhage
(aSAH)
is
a
serious
condition
complicated
by
delayed
cerebral
ischemia
(DCI),
where
inflammation
plays
key
role.
Although
altered
gut
permeability
noted
in
other
conditions,
its
significance
aSAH
remains
unclear.
Fatty
acid-binding
protein
(FABP-I),
lipopolysaccharide-binding
(LBP),
and
soluble
CD-14
(sCD-14)
are
established
markers
of
barrier
dysfunction.
This
study
investigates
marker
changes
early
late
phases.
The
included
177
patients
100
controls.
Serum
samples
were
collected
on
days
1
(D1)
9
(D9)
after
ictus.
FABP-I,
LBP,
sCD-14
levels
measured
via
ELISA,
clinical
data
recorded.
Outcomes
assessed
using
the
90-day
modified
Rankin
scale
(mRS
0-3
=
favorable
outcome).
FABP-I
was
significantly
lower
(p
<
0.05),
while
LBP
higher
0.001)
compared
to
did
not
differ
between
outcome
groups,
but
elevated
unfavorable
outcomes
0.001).
These
differed
without
in-hospital
infection,
with
DCI
during
later
phase
0.05).
In
differences
groups
suggest
potential
endotoxin
release
from
microbial
systems,
contributing
neuroinflammation
influencing
outcomes.
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
20(1), P. e0317415 - e0317415
Published: Jan. 16, 2025
Although
long-term
high
dietary
sodium
consumption
often
aggravates
hypertension
and
bone
loss,
in
the
intestinal
lumen
has
been
known
to
promote
absorption
of
nutrients
other
ions,
e.g.,
glucose
calcium.
However,
whether
high-salt
diet
(HSD)
altered
mucosal
morphology,
villous
cell
turnover
calcium
transporter
expression
remained
elusive.
Herein,
rats
were
treated
with
HSD
containing
8%
wt/wt
NaCl
for
up
5
months.
exhibited
a
marked
increase
intake
fecal
urinary
excretion,
as
compared
control
group
normal
diet.
Intestinal
histomorphometry
revealed
increasing
crypt
depth
height
3-
4-month
groups,
respectively,
consistent
larger
mucosal-to-serosal
amplification
ratio
that
reflected
an
increased
surface
area
nutrient
absorption.
The
signals
Ki-67-positive
cells
was
enhanced
crypts
visualized
by
multiphoton
fluorescence
microscopy,
whereas
TUNEL-positive
decreased
villi
HSD,
suggesting
greater
proliferation
reduction
apoptosis.
Confocal
microscopy
showed
higher
TRPV6
protein
tip
while
PMCA1
areas.
percentage
highly
expressed
uroguanylin-an
endogenous
natriuretic
peptide-was
significantly
group.
In
conclusion,
profoundly
changed
morphology
epithelial
cell,
transporters
uroguanylin.
Our
findings
reflect
pathophysiological
adaptations
intestine,
which
might
be
another
target
organ
drug
discovery
against
HSD-induced
osteopathy
future.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(3), P. 443 - 443
Published: Jan. 25, 2025
Endurance
exercise,
especially
under
heat
stress,
temporarily
compromises
the
integrity
of
intestinal
barrier
in
healthy
individuals.
Consequently,
there
is
growing
interest
developing
effective
dietary
strategies
to
alleviate
exercise-induced
gastrointestinal
symptoms
and
gut
damage.
This
meta-analysis
investigated
effects
supplements
on
mitigating
these
challenges.
The
search
was
performed
November
2024
following
PRISMA
guidelines,
26
peer-reviewed
studies
were
included
across
three
meta-analyses:
(1)
symptoms,
(2)
circulating
fatty
acid-binding
protein
(i-FABP),
(3)
exercise
performance.
moderating
effect
variables
assessed
via
sub-group
analysis
meta-regression.
Overall,
no
pooled
supplement
interventions
(Hedges’
g
=
0.42,
95%
CI
−0.17:
1.02,
p
0.15),
probiotics
had
a
moderate
significant
for
−0.62,
−1.01;
1.01,
0.05).
There
increase
i-FABP
concentrations
pre-
post
(∆
106%;
Hedges’
0.63;
1.38,
0.01).
or
differences
performance
any
(p
0.53).
Moderate-to-large
heterogeneity
observed
(I2
≥
58.6%),
candidate
moderators
(exercise
duration,
modality,
environmental
temperature)
outcomes
>
A
during
observed.
However,
when
examining
different
categories,
although
significance
select
few
supplements,
changes
i-FABP,
outside
clinical
relevance.
Although
showed
conflicting
findings
may
have
been
due
inadequate
control
confounding
studies.
Further
research
required
assess
alternative
supplements’
health
performance,
particularly
varied
conditions,
where
more
rigorous
cofounding
factors
implemented.
Nanotoxicology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 15
Published: Feb. 3, 2025
The
intestinal
epithelium
plays
a
pivotal
role
as
vital
barrier
between
the
external
environment
and
human
body,
regulating
nutrient
absorption
preventing
entry
of
harmful
substances.
oral
exposure
to
silver
nanoparticles
(AgNP)
raises
concerns
about
their
potential
toxicity,
especially
at
level.
objective
this
work
was
investigate
pro-inflammatory
effects
polyvinylpyrrolidone
(PVP)-AgNP
two
different
sizes,
5
50
nm,
level,
while
also
assessing
protective
ability
quercetin
against
these
effects.
To
address
this,
an
co-culture
model
comprising
C2BBe1
cells
THP-1
derived
macrophages
established,
or
nm
PVP-AgNP
were
studied,
alone
in
combination
with
quercetin,
over
two-time
points,
4
24
hours.
PVP-AgNP,
both
disrupted
integrity
within
hours
exposure.
However,
notable
intensification
evident
only
after
exposure,
smaller
(5
nm).
This
resulted
heightened
cellular
death,
increased
levels
reactive
species,
activation
nuclear
factor
kappa
B
(NF-кB),
production
interleukin
(IL)-8.
Quercetin
demonstrates
maintain
mitigate
oxidative
stress,
thereby
offering
protection
detrimental
induced
by
AgNP
Molecular Neurobiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 11, 2025
Abstract
Multiple
sclerosis
(MS)
is
defined
as
an
inflammatory
disorder
that
chronically
affects
the
central
nervous
system
of
young
people
mostly
and
distributed
globally.
It
associated
with
degeneration
demyelination
myelin
sheath
around
nerves,
resulting
in
multiple
neurological
disability
symptoms
ranging
from
mild
to
severe
cases
end
paralysis
sometimes.
MS
one
rising
diseases
globally
unfortunately
reduced
quality
life
adding
national
economic
burdens.
The
definite
mechanism
not
clearly
defined;
however,
all
previous
researches
confirm
role
immune
master
contributor
pathogenesis.
Innate
adaptive
cells
are
activated
peripherally
then
attracted
toward
(CNS)
due
breakdown
blood–brain
barrier.
Recently,
gut-brain
axis
was
shown
depend
on
gut
metabolites
produced
by
different
microorganisms
colon.
difference
microbiota
composition
between
individuals
responsible
for
diversity
secreted
affect
responses
locally
or
systemically
when
reach
blood
circulation
brain.
may
enhance
suppress
(repeated
short
forms);
consequently,
it
exacerbate
ameliorate
symptoms.
Recent
data
showed
some
can
be
used
adjuvant
therapy
other
diseases.
This
review
sheds
light
nature
possible
interaction
regulation
through
axis,
hence
contributing
