Primary Roles of Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) and Their Metabolism in Physiology and Metabolic Disorders DOI Creative Commons
Tomoki Bo, Junichi Fujii

Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 56 - 56

Published: Dec. 27, 2024

Leucine, isoleucine, and valine are collectively known as branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) often discussed in the same physiological pathological situations. The two consecutive initial reactions of BCAA catabolism catalyzed by common enzymes referred to aminotransferase (BCAT) α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH). BCAT transfers group BCAAs 2-ketoglutarate, which results corresponding 2-keto (BCKAs) glutamate. BCKDH performs an oxidative decarboxylation BCKAs, produces their coenzyme A-conjugates NADH. BCAT2 skeletal muscle dominantly catalyzes transamination BCAAs. Low activity liver reduces metabolization BCAAs, but abundant presence promotes metabolism muscle-derived leads production glucose ketone bodies. While mutations genes responsible for involved rare inherited disorders, aberrant regulation enzymatic activities is associated with major metabolic disorders such diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer. Therefore, understanding regulatory process enzymes, well functions metabolites, make a significant contribution our health.

Language: Английский

Association between heavy metals exposure (cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury) and child autistic disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis DOI Creative Commons

Mengmeng Ding,

Shanshan Shi, Shuyan Qie

et al.

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: July 4, 2023

Background Studies have found that toxic heavy metals exposure could induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and is epigenetic effect, which might be associated with occurrence Autistic Disorder (ASD). This systematic review meta-analysis aims to elucidate association between 4 metals, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic(As), mercury (Hg), ASD in children. Methods We searched PubMed, Web Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, from their inception October 2022, for epidemiological investigations explore Cd, Pb, As, or Hg child ASD. Results A total 53 studies were included, involving 5,054 individuals aged less than 18 (2,533 patients 2,521 healthy controls). Compared controls, hair blood tests, concentrations significantly higher group control group, differences arsenic statistically significant ( P < 0.05). In urine test, 0.05), while results Cd Pb opposite those > Subgroup analysis geographic regions showed Asia Europe had compared arsenic, North America, controls Conclusion Hg. These play different roles progression Moreover, there heterogeneity among included due controversies about study countries sources detection materials. The this firmly support policies limit exposure, especially pregnant women young children, so as help reduce incidence

Language: Английский

Citations

34
Branched-chain amino acids catabolism and cancer progression: focus on therapeutic interventions DOI Creative Commons

Xu Er,

Bangju Ji,

Ketao Jin

et al.

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including valine, leucine, and isoleucine, are crucial with significant implications in tumorigenesis across various human malignancies. Studies have demonstrated that altered BCAA metabolism can influence tumor growth progression. Increased levels of BCAAs been associated inhibition, indicating their potential as anti-cancer agents. Conversely, a deficiency promote metastasis to different organs due the disruptive effects high concentrations on cell migration invasion. This disruption is adhesion, angiogenesis, metastasis, Furthermore, serve nitrogen donors, contributing synthesizing macromolecules such proteins nucleotides for cancer growth. Consequently, exhibit dual role cancer, or inhibition contingent upon conditions concentrations. review discusses these contrasting findings, providing valuable insights into BCAA-related therapeutic interventions ultimately better understanding treatment.

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Protein lipoylation: mitochondria, cuproptosis, and beyond DOI
Cheng-Han Lin, Yeh Chin, Ming Zhou

et al.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(8), P. 729 - 744

Published: May 6, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Bergenin Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis By Decreasing Gut Commensal Bacteroides vulgatus-Mediated Elevated Branched-Chain Amino Acids DOI

Tianqing Huang,

Yuxin Chen, Su-Ling Zeng

et al.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 72(7), P. 3606 - 3621

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Ulcerative colitis is closely associated with the dysregulation of gut microbiota. There growing evidence that natural products may improve ulcerative by regulating In this research, we demonstrated bergenin, a naturally occurring isocoumarin, significantly ameliorates symptoms in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice. Transcriptomic analysis and Caco-2 cell assays revealed bergenin could ameliorate inhibiting TLR4 NF-κB mTOR phosphorylation. 16S rRNA sequencing metabolomics analyses microbiota dysbiosis decreasing branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels. BCAA intervention mediated mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway to exacerbate Notably, greatly decreased symbiotic bacteria Bacteroides vulgatus (B. vulgatus), gavage B. increased concentrations aggravated Our findings suggest microbiota-mediated metabolism plays vital role protective effect on colitis, providing novel insights for prevention through manipulation

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Using metabolomics and proteomics to identify the potential urine biomarkers for prediction and diagnosis of gestational diabetes DOI Creative Commons

Jie Yu,

Jing Ren,

Yaolin Ren

et al.

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 101, P. 105008 - 105008

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic complications during pregnancy, threatening both maternal and fetal health. Prediction diagnosis GDM not unified. Finding effective biomarkers for particularly important achieving early prediction, accurate timely intervention. Urine, due to its accessibility in large quantities, noninvasive collection easy preparation, has become a good sample biomarker identification. In recent years, number studies using metabolomics proteomics approaches have identified differential expressed urine metabolites proteins patients. this review, we summarized these potential prediction elucidated their role development GDM.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Neuroactive Amino Acid Profile in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Results from a Clinical Sample DOI Creative Commons
Martina Randazzo, Adriana Prato, Marianna Messina

et al.

Children, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 412 - 412

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

Biological bases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) include both genetic and epigenetic causes. Patients with ASD show anomalies in the profile certain plasma amino acids, including neuroactive acids. Monitoring acids may be relevant for patient care interventions. We evaluated acid samples extracted from dry blood spots by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Fourteen eleven ratios were examined patients intellectual disability (ID), neurotypical control subjects (TD). The group showed reduced levels ornithine (p = 0.008), phenylalanine 0.042) tyrosine 0.013). statistically significant Leu+Val/Phe+Tyr 0.002), Tyr/Leu 0.007) Val/Phe 0.028), such differences remaining only comparison between TD. Finally, a positive correlation emerged score restricted repetitive behavior on ADOS-2 citrulline 0.0047). To conclude, distinguishable metabolic useful studying their pathways order to develop screening tests targeted therapies.

Language: Английский

Citations

17
The emerging importance of the α-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes in serving as intracellular and intercellular signaling platforms for the regulation of metabolism DOI Creative Commons
Ryan J. Mailloux

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 72, P. 103155 - 103155

Published: April 10, 2024

The α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (KDHc) class of mitochondrial enzymes is composed four members: pyruvate (PDHc), α-ketoglutarate (KGDHc), branched-chain keto (BCKDHc), and 2-oxoadipate (OADHc). These enzyme complexes occupy critical metabolic intersections that connect monosaccharide, amino acid, fatty metabolism to Krebs cycle flux oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). This feature also imbues KDHc with the heightened capacity serve as platforms for propagation intracellular intercellular signaling. a source sink hydrogen peroxide (mtH2O2), vital second messenger used trigger eustress pathways. Notably, deactivation through reversible oxidation by mtH2O2 other electrophiles modulates availability several intermediates related metabolites which powerful messengers. play important roles in modulation epigenetic programming nucleus provision various acyl-CoAs, are acylate proteinaceous lysine residues. nucleosomal control acylation achieved PDHc KGDHc localization nuclear lumen. In this review, I discuss emerging concepts signaling fulfilled complexes. highlight their function serving redox sensors how can be cells regulate required cell Coupled this, describe detail defects cause disease states disruption homeodynamics deregulation Finally, propose functions controlled modification vicinal lipoic thiols E2 subunit

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Branched-chain amino acids: physico-chemical properties, industrial synthesis and role in signaling, metabolism and energy production DOI Creative Commons

Philipp Reifenberg,

Aline Zimmer

Amino Acids, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 56(1)

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)-leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), and valine (Val)-are essential nutrients with significant roles in protein synthesis, metabolic regulation, energy production. This review paper offers a detailed examination of the physico-chemical properties BCAAs, their industrial critical functions various biological processes. The unique isomerism BCAAs is presented, focusing on analytical challenges separation quantification as well solubility characteristics, which are crucial for formulation purification applications. synthesis particularly using bacterial strains like Corynebacterium glutamicum, explored, alongside methods such genetic engineering aimed at enhancing production, detailing enzymatic processes specific precursors. dietary uptake, distribution, catabolism reviewed fundamental components physiological functions. Ultimately, multifaceted impact signaling pathways, immune function, disease progression discussed, providing insights into profound influence muscle health. comprehensive analysis serves resource understanding both basic complex systems application.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
BCAA dysmetabolism in the host and gut microbiome, a key player in the development of obesity and T2DM DOI Creative Commons
Na Li,

Zhipeng Cen,

Zhengde Zhao

et al.

Medicine in Microecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16, P. 100078 - 100078

Published: April 7, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

16
From Cell to Symptoms: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Cytopathic Effects in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Long COVID DOI Open Access
Pablo Gonzalez-Garcia, Ornella Fiorillo‐Moreno, Eloína Zarate Peñata

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 8290 - 8290

Published: May 5, 2023

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection triggers various events from molecular to tissue level, which in turn is given by the intrinsic characteristics of each patient. Given diversity characteristic cellular phenotype, possible cytopathic, and clinical effects are difficult predict, determines heterogeneity COVID-19 symptoms. The purpose this article provide a comprehensive review cytopathic SARS-CoV-2 on cell types, focusing development COVID-19, may lead, some patients, persistence symptoms after recovery disease, condition known as long COVID. We describe mechanisms underlying virus-host interactions, including alterations protein expression, intracellular signaling pathways, immune responses. In particular, highlights potential impact these cytopathies function outcomes, such dysregulation, neuropsychiatric disorders, organ damage. concludes discussing future directions for research implications management treatment

Language: Английский

Citations

16