Clostridioides difficile and Gut Microbiota: From Colonization to Infection and Treatment

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 646 - 646

Published: July 31, 2024

Clostridioides difficile is the main causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in hospitals developed world. Both infected patients and asymptomatic colonized individuals represent important transmission sources C. difficile. infection (CDI) shows a large range symptoms, from mild to severe manifestations such as pseudomembranous colitis. Epidemiological changes CDIs have been observed last two decades, with emergence highly virulent types more numerous CDI cases community. interacts gut microbiota throughout its entire life cycle, difficile’s role colonizer or invader largely depends on alterations microbiota, which itself can promote maintain. The restoration healthy state considered potentially effective for prevention treatment CDI. Besides fecal transplantation (FMT), many other approaches re-establishing intestinal eubiosis are currently under investigation. This review aims explore current data consideration recent types, an overview microbial interventions used restore human microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Diverse Colonisation and Disease Associations of the Human Commensal Malassezia: Our Body's Secret Tenant

Mycoses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 68(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT A niche in the context of microorganisms defines specific ecological role or habitat inhabited by microbial species within an ecosystem. For human commensal Malassezia , skin surface is considered its primary niche, where it adapts to environment utilising lipids as main carbon and energy source. However pathogenic characteristics include production allergens, immune modulation excessive lipid utilisation, which result several diseases such pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, folliculitis atopic dermatitis. Recent studies have revealed colonisation internal organs, including lungs, gut, genitourinary tract, eyes, ears breast milk. In these associated with linked respiratory conditions, neurological disorders, gastrointestinal genital infections. The system plays a critical shaping prevalence, factors like, suppressive drugs underlying health conditions influencing susceptibility. Accurate diagnosis ‐related disorders challenging due unique growth requirements, but molecular fingerprinting assays sequencing methods, particularly ITS sequencing, offer precise identification. Treatment involves antifungal drugs, corticosteroids phytocompounds, yet recurrent infections highlight need for more targeted therapeutic strategies addressing 's characteristics. Understanding complex interactions between host organs crucial diagnosis, treatment prevention exploring potentially beneficial roles disease. This review highlights current findings on intricate diverse ecosystem body, underscoring complexity associations emphasising their multifaceted

Language: Английский

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Role of human microbiota in facilitating the metastatic journey of cancer cells

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 12, 2025

Language: Английский

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Intestinal dysbiosis leads to the reduction in neurochemical production in Parkinson’s disease (PD)

International review of neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Hepatic Steatosis and Microbiota: A Regional Study on Patients from Western Romania

Gastrointestinal Disorders, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 9 - 9

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Background/Objectives: The gut–liver axis is bidirectional and influences the body’s homeostasis. Pathologies such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver (MASL) can have detrimental effects on human microbiome, with multiple systemic effects. Furthermore, geographical particularities of intestinal microbiome may influence disease. study’s outcome was to identify dysbiosis in a group patients MASL from western region Romania. Methods: NGS shotgun genomic sequencing (WGS metagenomics) method used bacteria fecal samples. data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software [version 29.0.2.0 (20)]. Results: Out 122 included study, 43 (35.24%) exhibited low alpha diversity. In subgroup normal biodiversity index, approximately half identified Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio below lower reference value, while remaining presented based decreased concentrations Proteobacteria Prevotella, considered among most relevant species supporting dysbiosis. A higher prevalence Prevotella (15.99 ± 13.65%) study cohort. Conclusions: present demonstrates that Romania exhibit criteria for dysbiosis, namely reduced bacterial diversity, along significant alterations populations Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Prevotella. Together, these findings suggest possible geo-cultural factors highlighting need regionally adapted therapeutic interventions support health.

Language: Английский

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Evaluating the Efficacy of Secondary Metabolites in Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis: A Narrative Review of Preclinical Studies

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 138 - 138

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Background/Objectives: Drug-induced dysbiosis, particularly from antibiotics, has emerged as a significant contributor to chronic diseases by disrupting gut microbiota composition and function. Plant-derived secondary metabolites, such polysaccharides, polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, show potential in mitigating antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. This review aims consolidate evidence preclinical studies on the therapeutic effects of metabolites restoring microbial balance, emphasizing their mechanisms efficacy. Methods: A narrative was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web Science. Studies were selected based specific inclusion criteria, focusing animal models treated with for The search terms included “gut microbiota”, “antibiotics”, “secondary metabolites”. Data extraction focused alterations, metabolite-specific effects, action. Relevant findings systematically analyzed summarized. Results: Secondary demonstrated diverse impact dysbiosis modulating composition, reducing inflammation, supporting host biological markers. Polysaccharides polyphenols restored Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increased beneficial taxa Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium, suppressed pathogenic bacteria like Escherichia-Shigella. Metabolites triterpenoid saponins enhanced barrier integrity upregulating tight junction proteins, while alkaloids reduced inflammation proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β). These also improved short-chain fatty acid production, which is crucial systemic health. While primary focus, other drug classes PPIs, metformin) require further investigation. Conclusions: promise managing improving Future research should explore applicability types drug-induced validate human enhance clinical relevance.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review of the Brain–Gut Microbiota System in Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms, Outcomes, and Emerging Interventions

Indian Journal of Neurosurgery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2025

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has profound effects that extend beyond the brain, affecting other body systems via secondary pathways and leading to various complications, including gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction during after hospitalization. While advances in TBI management have improved overall outcomes, absence of effective treatments for these systemic highlights urgent need innovative therapeutic strategies. A critical aspect this context is brain–gut axis (BGA), a bidirectional communication network connecting GI system through complex neuronal, hormonal, immune pathways. results increased intestinal permeability hypercatabolic state bacterial translocation, dysregulation, septic multiorgan failure. These complications significantly heighten risk morbidity mortality patients. Emerging evidence suggests gut dysbiosis plays pivotal role post-TBI complications. The microbiome, diverse community commensal microorganisms, integral physiology, performing key functions such as metabolic regulation, maintaining barrier, modulating responses. Disruptions microbiota can exacerbate dysfunction, potentially severe outcomes. This review examines mechanisms underlying BGA following TBI, focusing on contributing dysregulation. Additionally, it discusses strategies aimed at mitigating dysbiosis. Potential interventions include approaches restore microbial balance, enhance barrier integrity, support modulation. By targeting areas, therapies may reduce improve patient

Language: Английский

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Coevolutionary interplay: Helminths-trained immunity and its impact on the rise of inflammatory diseases

eLife, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 15, 2025

The gut biome, a complex ecosystem of micro- and macro-organisms, plays crucial role in human health. A disruption this evolutive balance, particularly during early life, can lead to immune dysregulation inflammatory disorders. ‘Biome repletion’ has emerged as potential therapeutic approach, introducing live microbes or helminth-derived products restore balance. While helminth therapy shown some promise, significant challenges remain optimizing clinical trials. Factors such patient genetics, disease status, species, the optimal timing dosage their metabolites must be carefully considered train system effectively. We aim discuss how helminths induce trained immunity prospective treat autoimmune diseases. molecular repertoire excretory/secretory (ESPs), which includes proteins, peptides, lipids, RNA-carrying extracellular vesicles (EVs), underscores modulate innate cells hematopoietic stem cell precursors. Mimicking natural delivery mechanisms like synthetic exosomes could revolutionize EV-based therapies production ESP will for translation into applications. By deciphering harnessing products’ diverse modes action, we unleash full pave way innovative treatments.

Language: Английский

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Navigating the Microbial Landscape: Understanding Dysbiosis in Human Genital Tracts and Its Impact on Fertility

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

Dysbiosis, an imbalance in microbial communities, significantly impacts the health and functionality of human genital tract, with profound implications for fertility reproductive health. This review explores intricate relationship between tract microbiota outcomes, highlighting composition dynamics these communities both females males. In females, vaginal microbiota, primarily dominated by Lactobacillus species, is essential maintaining a healthy environment, preventing infections, supporting functions. males, influences sperm quality Dysbiosis manifesting as bacterial vaginosis, yeast urethritis, or prostatitis, disrupts leading to adverse outcomes such infertility, pregnancy, increased susceptibility sexually transmitted infections. delves into mechanisms through which dysbiosis affects fertility, including alterations pH, mucosal immunity, inflammation, viability, motility. It also evaluates diagnostic methods, clinical implications, management strategies, probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, antifungal treatments, lifestyle interventions, emerging therapeutic approaches. By understanding landscape its impact on this aims inform targeted interventions that restore balance enhance health, ultimately improving potential pregnancies.

Language: Английский

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Correlation Between Gut Microbiota and Chronic Metabolic Diseases

Published: Aug. 27, 2024

The human gut is abundantly populated with structurally complex symbiotic microbiota that metabolize small metabolites generated during the metabolism of food and exogenous substances. Various are produced by digestion, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), amino acids, bile indole derivatives, tryptophan trimethylamine N-oxide, taken up blood, activate signaling pathways, ultimately manipulate physiological processes. dysbiosis associated liver disease (non-alcoholic), cardiovascular disease, depression, sleep disorders, atherosclerosis, anxiety, arthritis, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cancer, autism, gout. influence on health has been studied for last two decades. Ingesting unhealthy foods leads to variation in composition barrier, leading mild inflammation metabolic disorders. By understanding interactions host its impact modulation host's functions, it assists manipulation combat prevent In this chapter, we will discuss alteration microbiota, altered development diseases, composition, production pro-inflammatory inflammatory compounds treat diseases.

Language: Английский

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