Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: May 20, 2024

Abstract Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or body’s responses to during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated possess critical encouraging value in screening early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over past decades, continuous progress has made exploring discovering novel, sensitive, specific, accurate tumor significantly promoted personalized medicine improved outcomes cancer patients, especially advances molecular biology technologies developed for detection biomarkers. Herein, we summarize discovery development including history conventional innovative used biomarker classification biomarkers based on tissue origins, application clinical management. In particular, highlight recent advancements biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies emerging as breakthroughs promising strategies. We also discuss limitations challenges that need be addressed provide insights perspectives turn into opportunities this field. Collectively, multiple emphasized review may guidance precision medicine, broaden horizons future research directions, expedite patients according their rather than organs origin.

Language: Английский

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Predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine in breast cancer: targeting the PI3K pathway

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is a multifaceted disease characterized by distinct molecular subtypes and varying responses to treatment. In BC, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has emerged as crucial contributor development, advancement, resistance This review article explores implications of PI3K in predictive, preventive, personalized medicine for BC. It emphasizes identification predictive biomarkers, such PIK3CA mutations, utility profiling guiding treatment decisions. The also discusses potential targeting preventive strategies customization therapy based on tumor stage, subtypes, genetic alterations. Overcoming inhibitors exploring combination therapies are addressed important considerations. While this field holds promise improving patient outcomes, further research clinical trials needed validate these approaches translate them into practice. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Breast Cancer with Bone Metastasis: Molecular Insights and Clinical Management

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 1377 - 1377

Published: June 2, 2021

Despite the remarkable advances in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer patients, presence or development metastasis remains an incurable condition. Bone is one most frequent sites distant dissemination negatively impacts on patient’s survival overall frailty. The interplay between tumor cells bone microenvironment induces destruction progression. To date, clinical management metastatic encompasses anti-tumor systemic therapies along with bone-targeting agents, aimed at slowing resorption to reduce risk skeletal-related events. However, their effect patients’ controversial. Unraveling biology that governs neoplastic tissue would provide means for new therapeutic agents. This article outlines state-of-the art characterization targeting cancer, focusing major translational studies this clinically relevant topic.

Language: Английский

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CAR-T cell therapy for triple-negative breast cancer and other solid tumors: preclinical and clinical progress

Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(6), P. 593 - 605

Published: March 21, 2022

Most breast cancer-related deaths arise from triple-negative cancer (TNBC). Molecular heterogeneity, aggressiveness and the lack of effective therapies are major hurdles to therapeutic progress. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy in TNBC. This approach combines specificity an antibody with effector function T cells.This review examines opportunities provided by CAR-T cell solid tumors. Emerging targets, ongoing clinical trials, prospective implications TNBC considered later. An emphasis is placed on key challenges possible solutions for this approach.A challenge therapy selection optimal targets minimize on-target/off-tumor toxicity. Tumor escape via loss intrinsic heterogeneity further hurdle. TROP2, GD2, ROR1, MUC1 EpCAM targets. Persistence trafficking tumor may be enhanced implementation CARs chemokine and/or constitutively activated interleukin receptors. Fourth-generation (TRUCKs) redirect T-cells universal cytokine-mediated killing. Combinatorial approaches application other immune could revert suppressive environment that characterizes neoplasms.

Language: Английский

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Endometriosis: Update of Pathophysiology, (Epi) Genetic and Environmental Involvement

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 978 - 978

Published: March 22, 2023

Endometriosis is a chronic disease caused by ectopic endometrial tissue. Endometriotic implants induce inflammation, leading to pain and impaired fertility. Characterized their dependence on estradiol (via estrogen receptor β (ESRβ)) resistance progesterone, endometriotic produce own source of through active aromatase. Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1) key transcription factor that promotes aromatase synthesis. The expression SF1 ESRβ enhanced the demethylation promoter in progenitor cells female reproductive system. High local concentrations are involved inflammatory environment favoring implantation development implants. Similar conditions can promote, directly indirectly, appearance genital cancer. Recently, certain components microbiota have been identified as potentially promoting high level blood. Many environmental factors also suspected increasing concentration, especially prenatal exposure estrogen-like endocrine disruptors such DES bisphenol A. Phthalates endometriosis but throughmeans other than binding receptors. impact dioxin or tobacco seems be more controversial.

Language: Английский

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Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling to Overcome Drug Resistance in Cancer

Chemico-Biological Interactions, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 396, P. 111055 - 111055

Published: May 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Next-generation sequencing for PTEN testing in HR+/HER2˗ metastatic breast cancer

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 104626 - 104626

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Precision medicine in breast cancer: From clinical trials to clinical practice

Cancer Treatment Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 98, P. 102223 - 102223

Published: May 12, 2021

Language: Английский

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Akt Isoforms: A Family Affair in Breast Cancer

Cancers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(14), P. 3445 - 3445

Published: July 9, 2021

Akt, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), belongs to the AGC family of kinases. It acts downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and regulates diverse cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, tumor growth metastasis. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is frequently deregulated in breast cancer plays an important role development progression cancer. There are three closely related members Akt family, namely Akt1(PKBα), Akt2(PKBβ) Akt3(PKBγ). Although isoforms share similar structures, they exhibit redundant, distinct well opposite functions. While target for therapy, understanding isoform-specific function critical effectively this pathway. However, our perception regarding how contribute genesis changes we gain new knowledge. purpose review article analyze current literatures on functions

Language: Английский

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Mismatch repair-deficient hormone receptor-positive breast cancers: Biology and pathological characterization

Cancer Cell International, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: May 17, 2021

Abstract The clinical outcome of patients with a diagnosis hormone receptor (HR)+ breast cancer has improved remarkably since the arrival endocrine therapy. Yet, resistance to standard treatments is major challenge for specialists and life-threatening condition patients. In cancer, mismatch repair (MMR) status assessment been demonstrated be clinically relevant not only in terms screening inherited conditions such as Lynch syndrome, but also prognostication, selection immunotherapy, early identification therapy resistance. Peculiar traits characterize MMR biology HR+ cancers compared other types. these tumors, genetic alterations are relatively rare, occurring ~3 % cases. On hand, modifications at protein level can observed absence gene vice versa. cancers, prognostic role deficiency confirmed by several studies, its predictive value remains matter controversy. characterization troubled lack tumor-specific guidelines and/or companion diagnostic tests. For this reason, precise MMR-deficient problematic. A deeper understanding actionability may light path effective tools. profiling, specific strengths limitations available technologies should taken into consideration. This article aims providing comprehensive overview current state knowledge cancer. armamentarium testing tumors examined along possible strategies tailored pathological characterization.

Language: Английский

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