Association between toxic heavy metals and noncancerous thyroid disease: a scoping review

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13, P. e18962 - e18962

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Background Toxic heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) are known to be priority pollutants due their high degrees of toxicity widespread presence in the environment. This review aimed explore association between noncancerous thyroid diseases by synthesizing findings from observational experimental studies. addressed a critical intersection environmental health, endocrinology, public health. The would interest wide range disciplines given ubiquitous toxic environment potential disrupt endocrine systems. evidence-based information diverse fields generated this will provide insights into health implications metal exposure on function guide necessary interdisciplinary research collaborative interventions. Method Three databases were searched, namely PubMed, Web Science, Scopus. Arksey O’Malley (2005) framework was used conducting scoping review. reporting carried out based Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses Extension Scoping (PRISMA). literature search retrieved 552 articles 29 included final Results As 83% studies followed an study design while rest animal Among studies, two-thirds (66%) cross-sectional case-control (31%) cohort ( n = 1, 3%). Few number reported significant Cr, As, Cd, Hg, Pb with (2, 3, 16, 8, 12) another few (5, 9, 5, 11) did not show any association. Conclusion A heterogeneous sample population could have potentially led mixed about Therefore, future should prioritize longitudinal controlled clinical trials better elucidate causative mechanisms long-term impact

Language: Английский

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Clinical study on the relationship between the incidence of complications and tumour size after thermal ablation of benign thyroid nodules

International Journal of Hyperthermia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 42(1)

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Objective The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between incidence of complications and tumor size following thermal ablation benign thyroid nodules (BTNs).

Language: Английский

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Pituitary-Thyroid Hormones and Related Indices in Euthyroid Type 2 Diabetes: Association With Thyroid Nodules

Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 627 - 636

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Diabetes is an independent risk factor for thyroid nodules (TNs), however, the influencing factors of TNs have not been fully clarified under condition diabetes. Previous studies shown a connection between pituitary-thyroid hormone (TH) functions and in different populations. However, potential link euthyroid patients with diabetes unclear. We aimed to explore correlates type 2 (T2D) patients. This cross-sectional study included 1965 adults T2D. Clinical biochemical data, including TH relevant covariates were collected. evaluated using ultrasound. Univariate multivariate logistic regression analyses performed identify associated TNs, stratified by sex. The overall prevalence was 51.9%. higher females. Stratified sex, results from univariate further showed that free triiodothyronine (FT3) (OR: 1.381; 95% CI: 1.066-1.790) thyroid-stimulating index (TSHI) 0.740; 0.584-0.937) independently correlated only females, while no TH-related indicators entered model males. relationship related indices exhibited sex differences. Specifically, FT3 TSHI These findings underscore importance evaluating early monitoring management particularly female T2D

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of and Predictive Factors for Hypothyroidism Following Hemithyroidectomy

Ear Nose & Throat Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 10, 2025

Purpose: Hemithyroidectomy is an appropriate procedure that recommended for a number of thyroid conditions to preserve the functional contralateral lobe, but patients who underwent hemithyroidectomy still run risk developing hypothyroidism. This study aimed determine incidence hypothyroidism following as well predictive factors. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on all between 2016 and 2022. Age, gender, preoperative postoperative stimulating hormone (TSH) free thyroxin (FT4), side, volume remaining histologic diagnosis, were examined in patients. To identify predictors hypothyroidism, statistical analyses, both univariate multivariate, conducted. Results: Out 224 patients, 18.25% had surgery. complication appeared within first year 88% cases. Patients with thyroiditis ( P = .036), TSH levels greater than 1.72 mIU/L < .001), right side .017), residual lobe less 3.57 cm .001) significantly higher Conclusion: After hemithyroidectomy, major should be carefully evaluated preoperatively based factors Furthermore, our results confirm need routine serum monitoring minimum 1 hemithyroidectomy.

Language: Английский

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Residential Greenness Is Associated with Lower Thyroid Nodule Prevalence: A Nationwide Study in China

Thyroid, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 23, 2025

Background: The prevalence of thyroid nodules is increasing globally. This study explored the association between residential greenness and nodule prevalence. Methods: Data were collected from a national cross-sectional survey 73,728 participants across 31 provinces in mainland China. Residential was assessed with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) enhanced (EVI). Thyroid >10 mm diameter diagnosed via ultrasound. We used quartile comparisons NDVI EVI to compare employed logistic regression restricted cubic spline analyses examine nodules' associations greenness. Interaction sensitivity performed test robustness. Results: A total included this study. 10 decreased NDVI500 quartiles: Q1: 7.99% (7.59-8.39%), Q2: 10.04% (9.60-10.48%), Q3: 6.59% (6.23-6.95%), Q4: 5.20% (4.88-5.52%) (p for trend <0.001). 5.25% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.02-5.49%) males 9.09% (CI: 8.80-9.39%) females. Logistic analysis showed that greater associated lower after adjusting all covariates. observed both continuous measures (NDVI500: odds ratio [OR] = 0.20, CI: 0.16-0.25; EVI500: OR 0.08, 0.06-0.12) quartiles (NDVI500 0.53, 0.48-0.58; EVI500 0.55, 0.51-0.60; compared Q1). Multiple confirmed negative association, including use an alternative definition (5 threshold), exclusion individuals cysts on ultrasound, subgroup excluding autoimmune antibody positivity, goiter, or both. In these analyses, data using 500 m 1000 buffers. Conclusion: Our first identify higher levels nodules.

Language: Английский

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Stratification of the Oncological Risk of Thyroid Nodules: Historical Background and the Current State of the Issue

Radiology - Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 55 - 76

Published: April 22, 2025

Objective. Evaluation of existing approaches to cancer risk stratification thyroid nodules based on ultrasound data. Materials and Methods. The study literature data in the historical aspect, modern scientific publications, specialized clinical protocols consensuses. Results. Currently, there are many scales that similar or close name, but differ fundamentally methods evaluation («ultrasound models», algorithms, number signs, scores, etc.), value categories subcategories, recommendations made. most famous among them are: TIRADS – E. Horvath et al. (Chile, 2009), which includes 6 categories, including 2 subcategories; THIRADS A. D. Zubov (currently Russia, 2010): 5 Jin Kwak (Republic Korea, 2011): 3 G. Russ (France, 7 ACR TI-RADS (USA, 2017): categories; EU-TIRADS (international group, (Russia, 2020): categories. It has been established at present stage, clinicians (oncologists, endocrinologists) do not have sufficient information about diversity scales. This led ambiguity wording incorrect references current other regulatory documents defining use a particular scale. Practitioners doctors diagnostics vast majority cases indicate incorrectly scale used. Since same figure different may clinically situations, missing, ambiguous indication lead errors assessment patient management. Conclusion. Thus, unification standardization used is necessary ensure mutual understanding specialists exclude interpretations conclusions. obligation single all stages treatment diagnostic process by regions, one, should be correctly unambiguously defined relevant documents.

Language: Английский

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Diagnostic accuracy of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in differentiating thyroid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. e0322382 - e0322382

Published: May 5, 2025

Background Thyroid neoplasms include a range of lesions, most which are benign, though some may progress to or present as malignant. Diagnostic tools like FNAB, ultrasound, and hormone analysis commonly used, they have limitations. Recently, peripheral blood markers been explored for their potential in differentiating thyroid despite controversy evidence. This review evaluates the diagnostic utility NLR PLR lesions. Methods We systematically searched all relevant articles on PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, gray literature, including Google Scholar, studies platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) Two researchers independently screened articles, study quality was assessed using QUADAS 2 tool. A random-effects model calculated pooled sensitivity specificity, while area under HSROC curve summarized accuracy. Heterogeneity evaluated with Higgins’ I² statistic, publication bias MIDAS command. Subgroup analyses by sample size, gender distribution, cutoff values, carcinoma types sources heterogeneity. Results total 12 were included final meta-analysis, 9 focusing 6 PLR. Most these retrospective design. The specificity 75% (95% CI: 65–82%) 62% 42–75%), respectively. For PLR, overall 70% 61–78%) 57% 46–66%), accuracy, based (AUC), 0.75 0.71–0.79) 0.69 0.65–0.73) These results indicate that has better accuracy than distinguishing between benign malignant Conclusion While demonstrates its standalone remains moderate. Therefore, we recommend complementary alongside other standard modalities until further provide more definitive neoplasm is type cancer arises from parenchymal cell affects gland. disease encompasses variety lesion, adenomas carcinomas [1]. majority glands noncancerous mostly benign. In contexts, transform into nonfunctional possess oncogene mutations [2]. Overall, 5% nodules Notably, approximately 20% follicular [3]. common malignancies include, papillary, follicular, medullary anaplastic types, varies aggressiveness cancer, highly variable clinical features; be indolent slow progressing others aggressive tumors high mortality rate [4,5]. Globally, cases increasing over time. Approximately 18.3 million reported prevalence China United States [6]. Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline used performed this systematic meta-analysis. registered PROSPERO registration number CRD42024559798.

Language: Английский

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The Current Understanding of the Molecular Pathogenesis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(10), P. 4646 - 4646

Published: May 13, 2025

The thyroid is a vital endocrine organ that regulates metabolism, heart rate, respiration, digestion, body temperature, brain development, skin and bone maintenance, reproduction fertility. Thyroid cancer (TC) the most common malignancy, with an estimate of 44,020 new cases in 2025. Incidence has been increasing, notably at 4–5% per year young adults. Papillary (PTC), TC subtype, accounts for approximately 80% newly diagnosed cases. Furthermore, 2290 deaths are expected from disease 2025, survival over 98% treatment. However, as PTC occurs frequently women, recurrences frequent 10-year disease-specific rate advanced less than 50%. This narrative review aims to describe current understanding gland, incidence subtypes cancer, specifically diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, recurrence PTC. supplemented by role molecular pathways biomarkers

Language: Английский

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Raman Spectroscopy as a Potential Adjunct of Thyroid Nodule Evaluation: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(20), P. 15131 - 15131

Published: Oct. 13, 2023

The incidence of thyroid nodules (TNs) is estimated at 36.5% and 23% in females males, respectively. A single nodule usually detected during ultrasound assessment patients with symptoms dysfunction or neck mass. TNs are classified as benign tumours (non-malignant hyperplasia), neoplasms (e.g., adenoma, a non-invasive follicular tumour papillary nuclear features) malignant carcinomas (follicular cell-derived C-cell derived). differential diagnosis based on fine-needle aspiration biopsies cytological (which burdened the bias subjectivity). Raman spectroscopy (RS) laser-based, semiquantitative technique which shows for oscillations many chemical groups one label-free measurement. RS, through content, gives insight into tissue state which, turn, allows differentiation disease basis spectral characteristics. purpose this study was to report if RS could be useful TN. Web Science, PubMed, Scopus were searched from beginning databases up end June 2023. Two investigators independently screened key data using terms “Raman spectroscopy” “thyroid”. From 4046 records found initially, we identified 19 studies addressing applying technique. lasers used included 532, 633, 785, 830, 1064 nm lines. investigations performed cellular and/or level, well serum samples. accuracy carcinoma detection approx. 90%. Furthermore, medullary, can 100% accuracy. These results might biased low numbers cases some research overfitting models reference method. main biochemical changes observe malignancies follows: increase protein, amino acids (like phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan), nucleic acid content comparison non-malignant TNs. Herein, present review literature application This seems have powerful potential diagnosis.

Language: Английский

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Impact of ultrasound elastography in evaluating Bethesda category IV thyroid nodules with histopathological correlation

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 28, 2024

Introduction Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the gold standard method recommended in diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Bethesda IV cytology results are identified 7-9% nodules investigated through FNA, with reported malignancy rate a wide range 10-40%. The treatment either surgical or risk additional molecular testing before surgery. However, large number belonging to this category (60-80%) observed be benign after excision, which can put patient at unnecessary morbidity. This study aimed assess diagnostic performance conventional ultrasound, ACR TI-RADS score and elastography cases on FNA. Methods We evaluated ninety-seven consecutive FNA by using B-mode qualitative strain shear-wave (Hitachi Preirus Machine, Hitachi Inc., Japan Aixplorer Mach 30 Supersonic Imagine, Aix-en-Provence, France) all were classified according system. Conventional ultrasound was used categorize as potentially malignant based following features: hypoechogenicity, inhomogeneity, taller than shape, irregular margins, presence microcalcifications, an interrupted capsule suspicious cervical lymph nodes. Elastography increased stiffness for malignancy. Results considered pathology diagnosis, finding that 32 out 97 carcinomas (33%) 65 (67%). group included twenty non-invasive follicular neoplasm papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP). Finally, we compared data results, showed nineteen presented (p=0.0002). On found microcalcifications (p=0.007), hypoechogenicity margins (p=0.006) distinguish between statistical significance. Discussion Integrating parameter evaluation sensitivity 90.62% detecting cancer (p=0.006). conclude elastographic addition high improves detection cytology.

Language: Английский

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