Targeting BRAF pathway in low-grade serous ovarian cancer

Journal of Gynecologic Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35(4)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Mutations in genes encoding for proteins along the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway have been detected a variety of tumor entities including ovarian carcinomas. In recent years, several inhibitors this developed, whose antitumor potential is currently being assessed different clinical trials. Low grade serous carcinoma, rare gynecological which shows favorable overall survival, compared to general cancer population, but worrying resistance conventional chemotherapies. The behavior low carcinoma reflects gene profile high-grade carcinoma:

Language: Английский

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Prognostic Differences Between Early-Onset and Late-Onset Colorectal Cancer

Medicina, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(3), P. 390 - 390

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Background and Objectives: Early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) has become a significant public health concern due to its alarming rise in incidence the poor prognosis associated with this disease. The aim of our study was identify epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical characteristics that could explain more aggressive evolution EO-CRC compared late-onset (LO-CRC). Materials Methods: We conducted retrospective over two-year period, including 204 patients diagnosed (CRC). were divided into two subgroups: those LO-CRC. Statistical analysis performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 29.0. Results: identified 11.3% included study. Compared LO-CRC patients, exhibited tendency for distal tumor localization stenotic endoscopic appearance (43.5% vs. 29.3%). Regarding histopathological diagnosis, demonstrated higher proportion mucinous histologic subtype (34.8% 14.4%) significantly greater percentage poorly differentiated tumors (39.1% 14.5%; p = 0.010). Immunohistochemical results, available limited number revealed CDX2 positivity (p 0.012) HER2 0.002). Smoking 0.006) hypertension 0.002) prevalent than patients. Conclusions: Patients exhibit distinct molecular LO-CRC, which may contribute their poorer prognoses. prevalence histological subtype, differentiation, increased expression, reduced expression suggest potential pathways driving nature EO-CRC. These findings highlight need tailored screening strategies personalized therapeutic approaches younger CRC Future studies should further investigate underlying mechanisms biomarkers guide early diagnoses targeted treatments.

Language: Английский

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Model systems to study tumor-microbiome interactions in early-onset colorectal cancer

EMBO Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem, with an alarming increase of early-onset CRC (EO-CRC) cases among individuals under 50 years age. This trend shows the urgent need for understanding underlying mechanisms leading to EO-CRC development and progression. There significant evidence that gut microbiome acts as key player in by triggering molecular changes colon epithelium, tumorigenesis. However, comprehensive collection comparison methods study such tumor-microbiome interactions context sparse. review provides overview available vivo, ex vivo well vitro approaches model assess effect microbes on tumor growth. By comparing advantages limitations each system, it highlights that, while no single perfect, suitable studying specific aspects microbiome-induced Taken together, multifaceted can simulate human body’s complexity, aiding effective treatment prevention strategies EO-CRC.

Language: Английский

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Decoding the genetic and environmental forces in propelling the surge of early-onset colorectal cancer

Chinese Medical Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 18, 2025

Abstract Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) shows a different epidemiological trend compared to later-onset cancer, with its incidence rising in most regions and countries worldwide. However, the reasons behind this remain unclear. The etiology of EOCRC is complex could involve both genetic environmental factors. Apart from Lynch syndrome Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, sporadic exhibits broad spectrum pathogenic germline mutations, polymorphisms, methylation changes, chromosomal instability. Early-life exposures risk factors, including lifestyle dietary have been found be associated risk. Meanwhile, specific chronic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, EOCRC. Interactions between factors also explored. Here we present findings narrative review studies on assessment early-life exposures, EOCRC-specific their interactions susceptible loci. We results genome-wide association that used perform Mendelian randomization analyses ascertain potential causal links

Language: Английский

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Rising Incidence and Mortality of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in Young Cohorts Associated with Delayed Diagnosis

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 1500 - 1500

Published: April 29, 2025

Background and Aims: Prior data showed an increasing incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) in the US. However, there are limited comprehensive on recent EO-CRC mortality per different age cohorts tumor characteristics. We aimed to evaluate populations. Methods: Age-adjusted rates were calculated from USCS database between 2001 2021. NCHS 2000 2022 SEER 2004 The groups 20-44 years 45-54 years. Tumors categorized by anatomical location (right, transverse, left, proximal) stage at diagnosis (early late). annual average percentage changes (AAPC) estimated using joinpoint regression. Age-specific pairwise comparison was conducted. Results: A total 474,601 patients diagnosed with increased aged faster than those (AAPC = 1.51 vs. 0.73; AAPC difference 0.78, p 0.001). This most notable proximal colon tumors 0.88, < While early-stage decreased across all locations, late-stage increased, mostly 2.44). 147,026 died 2022. Mortality years, who had a stable trend 0.85, increase noted both early- tumors. Conclusions: Our study provides epidemiologic evidence showing alarming among compared which is associated delayed diagnosis, Expanding screening efforts younger populations addressing healthcare disparities essential for improving early detection outcomes patients.

Language: Английский

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Cancer Burden in Adolescents and Young Adults in Belgium: Trends to Incidence Stabilisation in Recent Years with Improved Survival

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 1543 - 1543

Published: May 1, 2025

Background/Objectives: This population-based study examined epidemiological trends of primary cancers in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) to enhance the understanding specific spectrum impacting AYAs Belgium. Methods: Data on incidence, prevalence, mortality, survival were obtained from Belgian Cancer Registry (2004-2020, N = 43,535). (A)APC statistics compared with children (5-14 years) (40-49 years). Results: incidence increased by 0.4% annually 66 80 per 100,000 person-years (ESR2013) but stabilised after 2015, except for Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic myeloid neoplasms, testicular breast cancer, which continued rise. Mortality decreased 1% annually, 10 7 (2004-2019). Five-year relative (RS) was 87% remained low certain cancers, including ovary (78%), central nervous system (67%), precursor haematopoietic neoplasms (64%), gastrointestinal (excl. colorectal) (49%), lung-bronchus-trachea (42%). Conclusions: From 2004-2020, cancer burden among Belgium due improved survival, while 2015. RS exceeds 80% overall remains lower some (e.g., neoplasms) or older sarcoma). The align those neighbouring countries (Netherlands, France, Germany).

Language: Английский

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Genomics and integrative clinical data machine learning scoring model to ascertain likely Lynch syndrome patients

BJC Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: May 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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Colorectal Cancer Screening and Management in Low- and Middle-Income Countries and High-Income Countries: A Narrative Review

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 6, 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading global health challenge, being highly prevalent and major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The incidence CRC varies significantly between high-income countries (HICs) low- middle-income (LMICs), with higher rates but lower mortality in HICs. Factors such as genetic predisposition, lifestyle, dietary habits play significant roles development, the Western diet limited access to screening contributing increased incidence. This review highlights disparities screening, management, outcomes HICs LMICs, benefiting from advanced methods like colonoscopy sigmoidoscopy, while LMICs face challenges due healthcare infrastructure resources. Tailored strategies, including low-cost options community-based initiatives, are critical improve early detection outcomes. Future directions for improving care globally include telemedicine, artificial intelligence, mobile technologies bridge gaps, well personalized medicine enhance treatment efficacy. Global collaboration investment necessary reduce CRC-related mortality, particularly resource-limited settings.

Language: Английский

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Colorectal Cancer: A Brief and Simplified Analysis of a Complex Disease

Medicina, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(12), P. 2034 - 2034

Published: Dec. 10, 2024

Background and Objectives: This study examined factors influencing the onset progression of colorectal tumors, including patients’ epidemiological data, tumor location (right-sided, left-sided, rectal), histomorphology, perineural or intraneural invasion, lymph node status, immune reactions, mismatch repair (MMR) commonly observed mutations. Our primary goal was to evaluate their predictive prognostic value interactions. Materials Methods: We analyzed a retrospective cohort 100 patients with adenocarcinoma diagnosed between 2020 2023, using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks. The methods included routine H&E microscopy, immunohistochemistry, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), subsequent statistical analysis. Results: findings showed median diagnosis age 70 years, no gender-specific localization. Right-sided tumors were prevalent, especially among defective MMR (dMMR), which represented 89% dMMR cases. status significantly correlated significant relationships grade, lymphovascular overall stage. Higher grades stages increased invasion involvement. Interestingly, budding did not correlate metastasis but associated higher grades. Most BRAF mutations found in right-sided indicating correlation this Conclusions: focuses on diversity cancer (CRC) by examining how genetic histological characteristics vary based other variables.

Language: Английский

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Decoding Early-Onset of Colorectal Cancer: Insights into SERPINA3 Expression Patterns

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(22), P. e40119 - e40119

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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