Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 195 - 195
Published: Feb. 14, 2025
Most brain development occurs in the "first 1000 days", a critical period from conception to child's second birthday. Critical processes that occur during this time include synaptogenesis, myelination, neural pruning, and formation of functioning neuronal circuits. Perturbations first days likely contribute later-life neurodegenerative disease, including sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Neurodevelopment is determined by many events, maturation colonization infant microbiome its metabolites, specifically neurotransmitters, immune modulators, vitamins, short-chain fatty acids. Successful gut-brain axis function depend on maternal factors (stress exposure toxins pregnancy), mode delivery, quality postnatal environment, diet after weaning breast milk, nutritional deficiencies. While neonatal highly plastic, it remains prone dysbiosis which, once established, may persist into adulthood, thereby inducing chronic inflammation abnormal excitatory/inhibitory balance, resulting excitation. Both are recognized as key pathophysiological ALS.
Language: Английский