The chemistry of snake venom and its medicinal potential

Nature Reviews Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(7), P. 451 - 469

Published: June 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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Modern venomics—Current insights, novel methods, and future perspectives in biological and applied animal venom research

GigaScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Abstract Venoms have evolved >100 times in all major animal groups, and their components, known as toxins, been fine-tuned over millions of years into highly effective biochemical weapons. There are many outstanding questions on the evolution toxin arsenals, such how venom genes originate, contributes to fitness venomous species, which modifications at genomic, transcriptomic, protein level drive evolution. These received particularly little attention outside snakes, cone snails, spiders, scorpions. Venom compounds further become a source inspiration for translational research using diverse bioactivities various applications. We highlight here recent advances new strategies modern venomics discuss technological innovations multi-omic methods dramatically improve animals. The study genomes through CRISPR knockdown technologies will increase our understanding toxins evolve functions they different ontogenetic stages during development Mass spectrometry imaging combined with spatial transcriptomics, situ hybridization techniques, computer tomography gives us insights distribution system function apparatus. All these evolutionary biological contribute more efficiently identify compounds, can then be synthesized or produced adapted expression systems test bioactivity. Finally, we critically agrochemical, pharmaceutical, therapeutic, diagnostic (so-called translational) aspects venoms from humans benefit.

Language: Английский

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Deep-STP: a deep learning-based approach to predict snake toxin proteins by using word embeddings

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Snake venom contains many toxic proteins that can destroy the circulatory system or nervous of prey. Studies have found these snake potential to treat cardiovascular and diseases. Therefore, study protein is conducive development related drugs. The research technologies based on traditional biochemistry accurately identify proteins, but experimental cost high time long. Artificial intelligence technology provides a new means strategy for large-scale screening from perspective computing. In this paper, we developed sequence-based computational method recognize toxin proteins. Specially, utilized three different feature descriptors, namely g-gap , natural vector word 2 vector, encode sequences. analysis variance (ANOVA), gradient-boost decision tree algorithm (GBDT) combined with incremental selection (IFS) were used optimize features, then optimized features input into deep learning model training. results show our achieve prediction performance an accuracy 82.00% in 10-fold cross-validation. further verified independent data, rate reaches 81.14%, which demonstrated has excellent robustness.

Language: Английский

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Bee Venom: Composition and Anticancer Properties

Toxins, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 117 - 117

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Among the various natural compounds used in alternative and Oriental medicine, toxins isolated from different organisms have had their application for many years, Apis mellifera venom has been studied most extensively. Numerous studies dealing with positive assets of bee (BV) indicated its beneficial properties. The usage products to prevent occurrence diseases treatment is often referred as apitherapy based mainly on experience traditional system medical practice diverse ethnic communities. Today, a large number are focused antitumor effects BV, which attributed basic polypeptide melittin (MEL). Previous that BV major constituent MEL cause strong toxic effect cancer cells, such liver, lung, bladder, kidney, prostate, breast, leukemia while less pronounced was observed normal non-target cells. Their proposed mechanisms action, proliferation growth inhibition, cell cycle alterations, induction death through several mechanisms, associated activation phospholipase A2 (PLA2), caspases, matrix metalloproteinases destroy cellular need be elucidated molecular level, key issue do trigger apoptotic cascade. Apoptosis could either consequence plasmatic membrane fenestration or result direct interaction components pro-apoptotic anti-apoptotic factors. peptides enzymes plasma crucial step whole process. However, before possible remedy, it identify correct route exposure dosage potential therapeutic use well side cells tissues avoid any adverse event.

Language: Английский

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Genetic variability in snake venom and its implications for antivenom development in sub-Saharan Africa

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Abstract Snake venom, a complex mixture of proteins, has attracted human attention for centuries due to its associated mortality, morbidity and other therapeutic properties. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where snakebites pose significant health risk, understanding the genetic variability snake venoms is crucial developing effective antivenoms. The wide geographic distribution venomous species in SSA countries demonstrates need develop specific broad However, development antivenoms been hindered by different factors, such as antivenom cross-reactivity polygenic paratopes. While have numerous across region, current antivenoms, SAIMR polyvalent Premium Serums & Vaccines, exhibit varying degrees cross-reactivity. Such ability cross-react enables target multiple components from species. advent biotechnological innovations, including recombinant antibodies, small-molecule drugs, monoclonal antibodies synthetic presents options eliminating limitations with traditional plasma-derived challenges still persist, especially SSA, addressing variability, evidenced inadequate testing capacity limited genomic research facilities. This comprehensive review explores emphasizing venom composition various their interactions. information critical strategies during development. Finally, it offers concerning extensive collaborative engagements, technological advancements evaluations produce targeted

Language: Английский

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Emerging therapeutic applications of scorpion venom peptides in the Middle East and North Africa: A comprehensive review

Toxicon, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 256, P. 108270 - 108270

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Cellular Nanosponges for Biological Neutralization

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 34(13)

Published: Nov. 16, 2021

Abstract Biological neutralization represents a general strategy that deploys therapeutic agents to bind with harmful molecules or infectious pathogens, block their bioactivity, and thus prevent them from causing the diseases. Here, comprehensive review of using cell‐membrane‐coated nanoparticles, namely “cellular nanosponges,” as host decoys for wide range biological applications is provided. Compared traditional strategies, cellular nanosponges stand out by mimicking susceptible cells rather than accommodating structures causative design therapeutics. As all pathological must interact bypass diversity these create function‐driven broad‐spectrum solutions. The focuses on recent progress this new nanomedicine platform against five primary agents, including bacterial toxins, chemical toxicants, inflammatory cytokines, antibodies, viruses. Existing studies have established versatile tools neutralization. A thorough nanosponge technology expected inspire more refined designs unique address unsolved medical problems.

Language: Английский

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Future directions for the discovery of natural product-derived immunomodulating drugs: an IUPHAR positional review

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 177, P. 106076 - 106076

Published: Jan. 21, 2022

Drug discovery from natural sources is going through a renaissance, having spent many decades in the shadow of synthetic molecule drug discovery, despite fact that product-derived compounds occupy much greater chemical space than those created chemistry methods. With this new era comes possibilities, not least novel targets have emerged recent times and development state-of-the-art technologies can be applied to sources. Although progress has been made with some immunomodulating drugs, there remains pressing need for agents used treat wide variety conditions arise disruption, or over-activation, immune system; products may therefore key filling gap. Recognising that, at present, no authoritative article details current immunomodulatory activity products, in-depth review arisen joint effort between International Union Basic Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) Natural Products Immunopharmacology Sections, contributions number world-leading researchers field product provide "position statement" on what offer search argents. To end, we historical look previous discoveries naturally occurring immunomodulators, present picture status insight into future opportunities challenges drugs immune-related diseases.

Language: Английский

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Potassium Channels as a Target for Cancer Therapy: Current Perspectives

OncoTargets and Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: Volume 15, P. 783 - 797

Published: July 1, 2022

Abstract: Potassium (K + ) channels are highly regulated membrane proteins that control the potassium ion flux and respond to different cellular stimuli. These grouped into three major families, Kv (voltage-gated K channel), Kir (inwardly rectifying channel) K2P (two-pore channels), according structure, mediate currents. In cancer, alterations in channel function can promote acquisition of so-called hallmarks cancer – cell proliferation, resistance apoptosis, metabolic changes, angiogenesis, migratory capabilities emerging as targets for development new therapeutic drugs. this review, we focus our attention on associated with most relevant prevalent types. We summarize knowledge about structure function, their dysregulated expression discuss modulator strategies designing Keywords: channels, blockers, expression,

Language: Английский

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A cyclic heptapeptide-based hydrogel boosts the healing of chronic skin wounds in diabetic mice and patients

NPG Asia Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Abstract The combined use of peptides, nanomaterials, and hydrogels is a promising strategy for chronic skin wound healing, which remains huge clinical challenge. Here, we optimized the RL-QN15 peptide, was shown to be pro-healing drug candidate in our previous research, obtain cyclic heptapeptide (Cy ) with considerable therapeutic potency against wounds. Furthermore, Zn 2+ -crosslinked sodium alginate (ZA) hydrogel containing hollow polydopamine (HPDA) nanoparticles loaded Cy (HPDAlCy /ZA hydrogel) prepared characterized, significantly enhanced . At cellular level, this nontoxic accelerated proliferation, migration, tube formation, scratch healing cells, regulated secretion cytokines from macrophages, directly scavenged free radicals, decreased reactive oxygen species. Moreover, HPDAlCy full-thickness wounds type 2 diabetic mice by promoting transition macrophages M2 phenotype reduce inflammation cause re-epithelialization, formation granulation tissue, deposition collagen, angiogenesis. Of note, also facilitated patient cultured ex vivo. Overall, presents novel (diabetic ulcer) healing.

Language: Английский

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