Challenges to Schistosomiasis Control Program in Brazil: setbacks in the control program and critical analysis of the disease notification

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 57

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Background: In 1970, Brazil implemented the Schistosomiasis Control Program (PCE, Portuguese acronym for Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose) was in Brazil, where, through successive treatment interventions, epidemiology and transmission of schistosomiasis have changed significantly over time. This study aimed to evaluate PCE's effectiveness by critically analyzing disease notification system. Methods: An ecological conducted using data on reported cases between 2007 2020. Results: The highest number municipalities actively participating PCE 750, recorded 2007. Conversely, participation reached its lowest point 2020, with only 259 involved. Over past decade, there has been a drastic decline active control programs. During same period, an observed increase deaths caused schistosomiasis, while decreased. suggests inverse correlation. Conclusions: present suggest that are not correctly diagnosed or reported, reflecting twisted image magnitude this public health problem Brazil.

Language: Английский

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Integrating tuberculosis and COVID-19 molecular testing in Lima, Peru: a cross-sectional, diagnostic accuracy study

The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(6), P. e452 - e460

Published: April 15, 2023

BackgroundIntegrated molecular testing could be an opportunity to detect and provide care for both tuberculosis COVID-19. Many high burden countries, such as Peru, have existing GeneXpert systems with Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra), a SARS-CoV-2 assay, Xpress Xpress), is also available. We aimed assess the feasibility of integrating COVID-19 using one sputum specimen in Lima, Peru.MethodsIn this cross-sectional, diagnostic accuracy study, we recruited adults presenting clinical symptoms or suggestive history COVID-19, both. Participants were from total 35 primary health facilities Peru. provided nasopharyngeal swab sample. For tested swabs Xpress; tuberculosis, culture Ultra. compared Xpress. Individuals positive results considered positive, indicated tuberculosis. To integration, proportion cases identified by was on swabs, culture.FindingsBetween Jan 11, 2021, April 26, 2022, 600 participants (312 [52%] women 288 [48%] men). In-study prevalence 13% (80 participants, 95% CI 11–16) 35% (212 32–39). Among cases, 13 (2·2%, 1·2–3·7) concurrently SARS-CoV-2. Regarding yield integrated testing, detected 96% (89–99) culture-confirmed (n=77), Xpress-sputum 67% (60–73) (n=134). All five study staff reported that easy acceptable.InterpretationThe moderate, but feasible. However, systematic diseases might not ideal approach everyone presumptive concurrent rare during period. Further research help identify when most worthwhile its optimal implementation.FundingCanadian Institutes Health Research International Development Centre.TranslationFor Spanish translation abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Language: Английский

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Spatial-temporal evolution of tuberculosis incidence rates in indigenous and non-indigenous people of Brazil, from 2011 to 2022

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the space-time evolution of TB incidence rates (TI) in indigenous and non-indigenous people, according to Federative Units (UF) Brazil, from 2011 2022. Methods: Ecological, temporal, spatial study on new tuberculosis cases Brazil among populations. Data Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan) were collected 2022 stratified by Federal Unit, explored statistically analyzed using R software version 4.2.3. Results: The mean TI populations was 71.7 per 100,000 inhabitants, while for it 28.6/100,000 inhabitants. regions country that presented highest (mean) were: Central-West (102.8/100,000 inhabitants), Southeast (99.6/100,000 North (79.9/100,000 inhabitants). For region (36.5/100,000 followed (31.3/100,000), Northeast (27,4/100,000 analysis showed occurred states of: SP, RO, RJ, MS, MT e PA. Conclusion: High disease compared population show need a specific approach address health needs these Regional disparities indicate socioeconomic infrastructure issues affect

Language: Английский

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Regional differences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection and multidrug resistance epidemic in Luoyang

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: June 11, 2024

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health event of great concern, however epidemic data on TB covering entire areas during the special period COVID-19 have rarely been reported. We compared dissemination and multidrug-resistance patterns Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in main urban area Luoyang City, China (including six municipal jurisdictions) nine county township under its jurisdiction, aimed to establish epidemiology this region provide reference for precision anti-TB places with similar settings. Methods From 2020 2022, sputum samples were collected from 18,504 patients confirmed, suspected unexcluded 10 designated medical institutions. Insertion sequence 6110 was amplified by PCR ( rpoB gene detection if necessary) confirm presence MTBC. PCR-positive specimens analyzed multicolor melting curve analysis detect multidrug resistance. Results Among specimens, 2675 (14.5%) MTBC positive. The positive rate higher than (29.8% vs. 10.9%, p < 0.001). Male, re-treated smear-positive groups high-burden carriers Individuals aged > 60 years largest group infected area, individuals 61 areas. multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) (13.9% 7.8%, In all areas, MDR-TB dominated males, history treatment, years. Stratified showed that MDR4 (INH þ RIF EMB SM) predominant while MDR3 differed among Conclusions For local control, it is necessary plan more appropriate accurate prevention control strategies according regional distribution infection.

Language: Английский

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Impacto da COVID-19 no registro de casos de leishmaniose tegumentar no Maranhão, Brasil

Revista de Epidemiologia e Controle de Infecção, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3)

Published: Nov. 11, 2023

Justificativa e Objetivos: O potencial impacto da COVID-19 nas intervenções nos programas de vigilância, como a leishmaniose tegumentar, durante o primeiro ano pandemia, auxilia no entendimento das consequências pandemia sistemas notificação, com intuito subsidiar ações imediatas políticas públicas educação em saúde, além evidenciar necessidade implementação novas estratégias fortalecimento dos serviços vigilância epidemiológica. Este estudo teve objetivo analisar possível número registros casos tegumentar Maranhão, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se um ecológico confirmados período janeiro 2015 dezembro 2020. Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema Informação Agravos Notificação. A métrica P-score foi utilizada para avaliar os possíveis subregistros tegumentar. Resultados: No 2020, registrados 7.886 novos doença. Para eram esperados 1.346 casos, porém 1.158 notificados, que representa uma diminuição 13,94%. As regionais saúde São Luís, João Patos Presidente Dutra apresentam as maiores quedas esperados. Conclusão: desafios diagnóstico parecem ter se intensificado contexto sinaliza alerta importante gestores.

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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB diagnosis in the Brazilian prison population, 2020–2021

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(9), P. 688 - 693

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

BACKGROUND: TB is an infectious disease with a worldwide impact. closely associated social and housing conditions, exerting significant impact on the prison population, which particularly susceptible to disease. Evidence suggests that COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated vulnerability. This study therefore aimed analyse of diagnosis new cases in Brazilian population years 2020 2021.METHODS: ecological involving recorded Brazil from 2015 2021. Data were collected Brazil's Information System for Notifiable Diseases.RESULTS: The incidence fell 1,005.9/100,000 between 2019 852.3/100,000 In 2021, there was deficit 539 (-7.6%) compared what expected year. 2020, 10% reduction diagnoses January February, reaching 3.8% March. A negative percentage observed most subsequent months. year began 21.6% decline January, returning positive values only August September.CONCLUSION: first resulted underdiagnosis population.

Language: Английский

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Predictors of unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Brazil: an analysis of 259,484 patient records

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Abstract Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) causes over 1 million deaths annually. Providing effective treatment is a key strategy for reducing TB deaths. In this study, we identified factors associated with unsuccessful outcomes among individuals treated in Brazil. Methods We obtained data on between 2015 and 2018 from Brazil’s National Disease Notification System (SINAN). excluded patients history of prior disease or diagnosed drug resistance. extracted information patient-level potentially successful treatment, including demographic social factors, comorbid health conditions, health-related behaviors, system level at which care was provided, use directly observed therapy (DOT), clinical examination results. categorized as (cure, completed) (death, regimen failure, loss to follow-up). fit multivariate logistic regression models identify outcome. Results Among 259,484 susceptible TB, 19.7% experienced an outcome (death during 7.8%, failure 0.1%, follow-up 11.9%). The odds were higher older age (adjusted ratio (aOR) 2.90 [95% confidence interval: 2.62–3.21] 85-100-year-olds vs. 25-34-year-olds), male sex (aOR 1.28 [1.25– 1.32], female sex), Black race 1.23 [1.19–1.28], White race), no education 2.03 [1.91– 2.17], complete high school education), HIV infection 2.72 [2.63–2.81], infection), illicit 1.95 [1.88–2.01], use), alcohol consumption 1.46 [1.41– 1.50], consumption), smoking 1.20 [1.16–1.23], non-smoking), homelessness 3.12 [2.95–3.31], homelessness), immigrant status 1.27 [1.11–1.45], non-immigrants). Treatment more likely be tertiary 2.20 [2.14–2.27], primary care), not receiving DOT 2.35 [2.29–2.41], DOT). Conclusion risk varied systematically according individual service-related factors. Concentrating attention poor could improve the overall effectiveness

Language: Английский

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Como a pandemia de COVID-19 afetou a notificação de acidentes do trabalho em diferentes atividades econômicas e ocupações no Brasil? Um estudo ecológico usando o p-score

Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Resumo Objetivo: mensurar o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 nas notificações acidentes do trabalho (AT) no Brasil, por atividade econômica e ocupação. Métodos: estudo ecológico que utilizou os casos AT registrados entre 2015 2020 Anuário Estatístico Previdência Social. Os foram analisados setor econômica, ocupação códigos 10ª revisão Classificação Estatística Internacional Doenças Problemas Relacionados à Saúde (CID-10). Uma adaptação p-score foi aplicada para comparar pré-pandemia com primeiro ano pandemia. Resultados: p-scores variaram -60,2%, nexo técnico epidemiológico, a -13,9%, típico. As doenças apresentaram 151,1%. Houve aumento notável nos ocupacionais dos capítulos I X CID-10. diminuíram em todas as categorias atividades econômicas, exceto saúde humana serviços sociais (p-score = 8,0%). Na maioria das categorias, valores negativos, subgrupos forças segurança profissionais nível superior, gestores. Conclusão: houve redução geral na notificação durante evidenciou desigualdades diferentes setores ocupações, além mudança perfil adoecimento trabalhadores.

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Primary Health Care and Tuberculosis Detection during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Crucial Actions for Intensifying Efforts

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(5), P. 540 - 540

Published: April 25, 2024

Background: Tuberculosis has been considered a global emergency since 1993, and controlling it become even more challenging 2020 due to the health social crisis resulting from COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed identify impact of pandemic on tuberculosis case detection activities within primary Care in largest city Brazil. Methods: is cross-sectional analytical provision actions healthcare units during period. A descriptive analysis was performed for characterization, Generalized Mixed Models were used evaluating associations, with Bonferroni post hoc test applied. Results: The sample comprised 80 municipality. There moderate alteration level consultations individuals signs symptoms (13.8%) 2021 (15.1%). Statistical significance (p < 0.05) found between period actions, lower 2022. Conclusions: underwent changes pandemic, mainly 2020, which associated alterations consultation notification provision.

Language: Английский

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The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on tuberculosis notifications and deaths in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: a cross-sectional study

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34, P. 100765 - 100765

Published: May 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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