New trends in diagnosis and management of gallbladder carcinoma

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 13 - 29

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Gallbladder (GB) carcinoma, although relatively rare, is the most common biliary tree cholangiocarcinoma with aggressiveness and poor prognosis. It closely associated cholelithiasis long-standing large (> 3 cm) gallstones in up to 90% of cases. The other main predisposing factors for GB carcinoma include molecular such as mutated genes, wall calcification (porcelain) or mainly mucosal microcalcifications, polyps ≥ 1 cm size. Diagnosis made by ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and, more precisely, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Preoperative staging great importance decision-making regarding therapeutic management. based on MRI findings, leading technique liver metastasis imaging, enhanced three-phase CT angiography, angiography major vessel assessment. also necessary use positron emission (PET)-CT 18F-FDG PET-MRI accurately detect metastases any occult deposits active metabolic uptake. Staging laparoscopy may dissemination not otherwise found 20%-28.6% Multimodality treatment needed, including surgical resection, targeted therapy biological agents according testing gene mapping, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy. understand updated guidelines current options. extent intervention depends disease stage, ranging from simple cholecystectomy (T1a) extended resections (T1b), wide lymph node resection every case IV-V segmentectomy (T2), hepatic trisegmentectomy hepatectomy accompanied hepaticojejunostomy Roux-Y, adjacent organ if (T3). Laparoscopic robotic surgery shows fewer postoperative complications equivalent oncological outcomes when compared open surgery, but much attention must be paid avoiding injuries. In addition novel along immunotherapy recent improvements radiotherapy chemotherapy (neoadjuvant-adjuvant capecitabine, cisplatin, gemcitabine) have yielded promising results even inoperable cases calling palliation (T4). Thus, individualized applied.

Language: Английский

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The role of kinesin family members in hepatobiliary carcinomas: from bench to bedside

Biomarker Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: March 3, 2024

As a major component of the digestive system malignancies, tumors originating from hepatic and biliary ducts seriously endanger public health. The kinesins (KIFs) are molecular motors that enable microtubule-dependent intracellular trafficking necessary for mitosis meiosis. Normally, stability KIFs is essential to maintain cell proliferation genetic homeostasis. However, aberrant activity may destroy this dynamic stability, leading uncontrolled division tumor initiation. In work, we have made an integral summarization specific roles in hepatocellular duct carcinogenesis, referring signal transduction potential prognostic evaluation. Additionally, current clinical applications KIFs-targeted inhibitors also been discussed, including their efficacy advantages, relationship with drug sensitivity or resistance, feasibility combination chemotherapy other targeted agents, as well corresponding trials. conclusion, abnormally activated participate regulation progression via diverse range mechanisms closely associated prognosis. Meanwhile, KIFs-aimed carry out promising tumor-targeted therapeutic strategy deserves be further investigated hepatobiliary carcinoma (HBC).

Language: Английский

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Increased co-expression of PD1 and TIM3 is associated with poor prognosis and immune microenvironment heterogeneity in gallbladder cancer

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Oct. 12, 2023

Abstract Background The effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains unsatisfactory. Recently, several new checkpoints have been identified. However, investigations exploring these GBC are limited. In this study, we aim to investigate the expression patterns and clinical implications various checkpoints, further characterize spatial quantitative heterogeneity components GBC. Methods We employed single multiplex immunohistochemistry evaluate five markers four cell primary tumor core, hepatic invasion margin, liver metastasis. Subsequently, analyzed their interrelationships prognostic significance. Results observed a robust positive correlation between PD1/TIM3 (R = 0.614, P < 0.001). co-expression exhibited synergistic effect predicting poor prognosis among postoperative patients. Further analysis revealed that significance was prominent subgroup with high infiltration CD8 + T cells (P Multiplex reveals PD1 TIM3 FOXP3 constitute significant proportion TILs tissue. Moreover, co-high is positively correlated accumulation at margin. Lastly, our findings indicated reduced levels diminished metastases compared tumors. Conclusions Increased associated patients related microenvironment its margin or metastases, which may be potential target for future immunotherapy

Language: Английский

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Prognostic value of preoperative fibrinogen to albumin ratio in predicting postoperative outcomes in patients with gallbladder cancer

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2)

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is known for its poor prognosis and challenging management. The preoperative fibrinogen to albumin ratio (FAR) has been proposed as a potential prognostic marker predicting postoperative outcomes in GBC patients, but efficacy value remain underexplored. AIM To evaluate the of FAR outcomes. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 66 patients who underwent curative surgery at our institution from January 2018 2022. Preoperative values were obtained within one week prior surgery. Patients followed through outpatient visits or telephone interviews, with overall survival (OS) primary endpoint. Statistical analyses, including receiver operating characteristic curve analysis Kaplan-Meier estimates, performed using SPSS software (version 27.0). RESULTS consisted 36 male 30 female mean age 61.81 ± 8.58 years. optimal cut-off was determined be 0.088, an area under 0.7899, sensitivity 68.96%, specificity 80.01%. ≤ 0.088 showed significantly better rates (1-year: 60.5%, 2-year: 52.6%, 3-year: 25.9%) median OS 25.6 months (95% confidence interval: 18.8-30.5 months), compared those > had 10.8 6.3-12.9 months). CONCLUSION Lower associated longer confirming valuable indicator improving outcome predictions guiding patient management strategies gallbladder cancer.

Language: Английский

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Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Gallbladder: A Rare Surgical Entity

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Gallbladder cancer (GBC), while infrequent, is the predominant malignancy of biliary tract. The absence clinical symptoms in conjunction with aggressive behavior contributes to delayed diagnosis and unfavorable prognosis. This condition typically remains asymptomatic its initial stages, making detection challenging. Herein, we report a case adenosquamous carcinoma gallbladder 74-year-old Caucasian woman who was admitted due anemia, gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) abdomen demonstrated formation adjacent neck gallbladder. A lesion unclear boundaries IVb liver segment also observed. CT-guided percutaneous biopsies were conducted on thickened wall suspicious area liver. histological from biopsy indicated characterized by squamous differentiation. Τhe discussed an oncology board meeting, patient underwent exploratory laparotomy. Intraoperative observations revealed invasive neoplasm extending hepatoduodenal junction second part duodenum. surgical team performed cholecystostomy gastrojejunostomy palliative intent. obtained intraoperatively histopathology results confirmed carcinoma. referred it decided be combination chemotherapy chemoradiation according National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines.

Language: Английский

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Clinical Significance and Pathogenic Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNA TRPM2-AS in Cancers

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to play vital roles in human cancers. LncRNA TRPM2-AS has been found be upregulated various types of The elevated levels associated with important clinicopathological parameters such as tumor size, stage, and lymph node metastasis, revealing that could a potential target for cancer diagnosis, prognosis treatment. Moreover, is involved regulating the cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, drug or radio resistance by serving competing endogenous RNA, directly bounding proteins multiple signaling pathways. In this review, we comprehensively summarize latest knowledge on aberrant expression TRPM2-AS, relationship between clinical features, detailed mechanisms functions types. current study highlights prognostic therapeutic

Language: Английский

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Unresectable Moderately Differentiated Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma in an Adolescent: A Case Report

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a relatively rare disease of old age with adenocarcinoma being the most prevalent subtype. It extremely in childhood and adolescence, only few cases have been reported to date. A 15-year-old boy presented outpatient department referred from periphery dull progressive right upper quadrant abdominal pain, associated jaundice, distension, anorexia significant weight loss for past three months. The patient's medical history was inconclusive. Laboratory evaluations revealed obstructive jaundice. Imaging showed an infiltrative mass at porta hepatis which upon biopsy demonstrated moderately differentiated gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) done symptom relief. Chemotherapy combination gemcitabine carboplatin opted palliative intent. After cycles patient still no response, so chemotherapy stopped symptomatic treatment continued. Urgent provision care development symptoms, early sonographic diagnosis timely cholecystectomy along adjuvant are crucial significantly prolonging survival reducing suffering. Gene panel testing chemosensitivity assay further optimize help better understanding disease.

Language: Английский

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Cáncer de la vesícula biliar: epidemiología en un hospital de tercer nivel del suroccidente colombiano

Revista Colombiana de Cirugía, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 9, 2025

Introducción. El cáncer de vesícula biliar (CVB) es una patología infrecuente, diagnosticada principalmente manera incidental, durante o posterior a colecistectomía. Su alta mortalidad se debe al diagnóstico tardío, ya que los síntomas son inespecíficos. En la región andina Latinoamérica, incidencia alta, con un notable aumento mortalidad. objetivo este estudio fue analizar epidemiología del CVB en hospital suroccidente colombiano. Métodos. Estudio transversal retrospectivo. Se analizaron reportes pacientes sometidos colecistectomía entre 2015 y 2020 para identificar casos CVB. registraron variables como edad, sexo, hallazgos intraoperatorios, tipos subtipos histológicos. Resultados. De 766 especímenes, 20 fueron diagnosticados (2,6 %). adenocarcinoma el tipo más frecuente (80 La edad promedio 65 años, mayor prevalencia mujeres (85 mayoría presentaron enfermedad estadios avanzados, compromiso metastásico 15 %. Conclusión. Los resultados reflejan incidental sigue siendo norma debido inespecíficos falta sospecha clínica. inflamación crónica cálculos biliares continúan factores riesgo importantes. Este aporta datos clave sobre Colombia, subrayando necesidad mejorar detección temprana educación

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Beyond the Surface: Sister Mary Joseph's Nodule in Metastatic Gallbladder Cancer: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Abstract Sister Mary Joseph's nodule (SMJN) is an umbilical occurring because of metastasis the abdomen and pelvic malignancies. It a rare physical finding, reported in nearly 3% patients with gastrointestinal or gynecological cancers. The majority cases presents at very advanced stage disease, often results dismal prognosis. Here, we report case 54-year-old woman metastatic gallbladder cancer, presenting SMJN. patient declined chemotherapeutic intervention following cancer diagnosis later arrived nodule, which was identified as advised to take gemcitabine-cisplatin regimen, but opted solely for palliative care passed away within few weeks SMJN diagnosis. This emphasizes how untreated malignancy can advance quickly present unusual clinical sign. Drawing attention health professionals this sign will eventually help early detection disease progression its management improve survival outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Global trends in gallbladder cancer survival: A 30-year analysis of cancer registry data

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. e42853 - e42853

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Gallbladder cancer has historically been characterized with a poor prognosis. This study aims to describe the global patterns and temporal trends in gallbladder survival using data from registries. We conducted systematic review by searching six databases-PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, SEER, CNKI, Wanfang-for registry-based published before January 1, 2024. Survival were carefully extracted analyzed final set included studies. Among 55 studies included, more than 320,000 people, suggest that improvements for have stagnated over past three decades. No significant 5-year relative rates observed worldwide. After age standardization, highest rate is 30.6 % (Changzhou, China, 2011-2013 Korea, 2013-2019), while lowest 6.0 (Austria, 1990). The was generally higher Asian populations other regions. favorable younger individuals, no differences between sexes. Over 30 years, prognosis patients not improved significantly There an urgent need new treatments as well simple effective screening methods improve cancer.

Language: Английский

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