Aerobic Exercise and Metformin: A Dual Approach to Enhancing Glycemic Maintenance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Chonnam Medical Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(1), P. 9 - 9

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a widespread metabolic condition characterized by elevated glucose levels followed deficiency in insulin secretion. Metformin notably decreased the incidence of T2DM 31% and it exerts its effects through various signaling pathways. Databases searched included PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus from 2000 to 2024. One primary mechanisms involves AMPK activation which causes reduced lipogenesis improved fatty acid oxidation liver muscles. Key molecules affected metformin include acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), both involved lipid synthesis regulation. Aerobic exercise has also emerged as crucial component managing due on hyperglycemia sensitivity. pathways PI3K/Akt, AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), MAPK/ERK play essential roles regulating homeostasis, glycogenesis, When comparing efficacy aerobic metformin, becomes evident that primarily enhances physical fitness function, while biochemical involving activation. are effective for T2DM, though they operate different mechanisms. Regular improves sensitivity, cardiovascular health, promotes weight loss, decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis Understanding intricate provides valuable insights into action clinical implications treating diabetic patients effectively.

Language: Английский

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The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in multiple sclerosis: pathogenesis and pharmacological application

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 2, 2025

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is widely acknowledged as a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by central nervous system (CNS) demyelination and neurodegeneration. The hyperactivation of immune responses recognized pivotal factor contributing to the pathogenesis progression MS. Among various reactions, researchers have increasingly focused on inflammasome, complex proteins. initiation activation inflammasome are intricately involved in onset Notably, NLRP3 most extensively studied member complex, closely linked with This review will delve into roles Additionally, therapeutic strategies targeting for treatment MS, including natural compounds, autophagy regulators, other small molecular be detailed this review.

Language: Английский

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Aerobic exercise inhibits GSDME-dependent myocardial cell pyroptosis to protect ischemia-reperfusion injury

Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: Dec. 24, 2024

Abstract Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a significant cause of global mortality, exacerbated by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Myocardial cell pyroptosis has emerged as critical pathway influencing IR injury severity. Methods We aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects aerobic exercise on examining modulation IGFBP2 and its impact GSDME-dependent pyroptosis. Mechanistic pathways were explored using western blot analysis, ELISA, immunofluorescence, echocardiography. Results Our findings demonstrate that leads increased circulating levels IGFBP2, which effectively suppresses This regulation occurs via AKT-GSK3β signaling pathway, involving VDAC1 phosphorylation, thereby enhancing mitochondrial function reducing oxidative stress. Conclusion In conclusion, our study highlights role in mitigating mechanism through exerts against These insights suggest potential therapeutic targets for managing acute infarction.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Understanding of the Role of Immune Cell Phenotypes in Hypertension and Associated Vascular Disease

Canadian Journal of Cardiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(12), P. 2321 - 2339

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

AbstractMany studies in the past 20 years have identified a contribution of inflammation and immune mechanisms to pathophysiology hypertension. Innate adaptive immunity participate this process. Among innate cells, macrophages monocytes as well dendritic myeloid-derived suppressor neutrophils directly or via formation neutrophil extracellular traps, play roles modulation inflammatory response T B cells been implicated varying degrees, particularly interleukin (IL)-17- interferon γ-producing lymphocytes, antagonized by regulatory lymphocytes that are anti-inflammatory production IL-10. produce abundant IL-17, γδ unconventional infrequent circulation contrast much more circulating αβ but found mostly tissues, appear role triggering sustaining hypertension leading vascular renal injury. This review will provide an overview these different cell phenotypes involved associated disease.RÉsumÉDe nombreuses études réalisées au cours des dernières années ont mis en évidence le rôle de l'inflammation et mécanismes immunitaires dans la pathophysiologie l'hypertension. L'immunité innée l'immunité adaptative participent à ce processus. Au sein du système immunitaire inné, diverses cellules telles que les monocytes, ainsi dendritiques, suppressives d'origine myéloïde neutrophiles, directement ou pièges extracellulaires jouent un réponse inflammatoire Dans domaine adaptative, été impliqués degrés divers, particulier producteurs d'interleukine (IL)-17 d'interféron γ, contrariés par régulateurs exerçant effets anti-inflammatoires d'IL-10. Parmi productrices d'IL-17, sont non conventionnels qui peu fréquents circulation, contrairement aux circulants beaucoup plus abondants, mais l'on trouve surtout tissus, semblent jouer déclenchement maintien l'hypertension, entraînant lésions vasculaires rénales. Cette revue littérature donne aperçu ces différents phénotypes physiopathologie l'hypertension maladies associées.Graphical abstract

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Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise inhibits cell pyroptosis to improve myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

Molecular Biology Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 52(1)

Published: Nov. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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