Strategies to Mitigate Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity: A Literature Review of Protective Agents, Mechanisms, and Clinical Gaps

Audiology Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 22 - 22

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Background: Cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, is associated with significant ototoxicity, leading to progressive and irreversible sensorineural hearing loss in up 93% of patients. Cisplatin generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) the cochlea, activating apoptotic necroptotic pathways that result hair cell death. Inflammatory processes nitrative stress also contribute cochlear damage. Methods: This literature review was conducted explore mechanisms underlying cisplatin-induced ototoxicity evaluate protective strategies, including both current emerging approaches. A structured search performed multiple scientific databases, PubMed ScienceDirect, for articles published November 2024. Results: Current otoprotective strategies include systemic interventions such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, apoptosis inhibitors, well localized delivery methods like intratympanic injection nanoparticle-based systems. However, these approaches have limitations, potential interference cisplatin’s antitumor efficacy side effects. Emerging focus on genetic biomarker-based risk stratification, novel agents targeting alternative pathways, combination therapies. Repurposed drugs pravastatin show promise reducing ototoxicity. Conclusions: Despite advancements, research gaps remain translating preclinical findings clinical applications developing selective do not compromise efficacy. examines mitigate this adverse effect.

Language: Английский

Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Treatment Strategies and Implications for Auditory Protection

Published: April 20, 2025

ABSTRACT Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a prevalent multifactorial condition affecting over 1.5 billion people worldwide. Its etiology includes genetic mutations, environmental factors, and age‐related degeneration, leading to irreversible damage the cochlear hair cells auditory neurons. Although conventional interventions, such as aids implants, provide partial relief, they do not restore natural function. Recent advances in understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying SNHL, including oxidative stress, autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, have provided novel insights into potential therapeutic targets. Emerging treatment strategies include gene therapy, which aims correct defects through replacement editing; exosome‐based facilitates cellular repair protection; stem cell promotes neurons regeneration; nanomedicine, enables targeted drug delivery protection. Despite these promising developments, challenges remain translating therapies from preclinical research clinical applications, owing safety, efficiency, long‐term efficacy concerns. This review summarizes latest progress SNHL research, highlights key pathophysiological mechanisms, explores strategies. Understanding essential develop effective interventions prevent, potentially reverse ultimately improving quality life affected individuals.

Language: Английский

Studies on the mechanism of ototoxic action of cisplatin and the antagonistic effect of polyphenolic compounds

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 25, 2025

Cisplatin is a highly effective broad-spectrum anticancer drug, but its severe ototoxicity limits clinical application. mainly manifested as irreversible hearing loss, and mechanism involves various pathways such DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, mitochondrial dysfunction, ferroptosis. In recent years, natural polyphenols have shown great potential in combating cisplatin due to their powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory anti-apoptotic properties.A variety of polyphenolic compounds, resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, etc., can effectively attenuate the damage on Corti organs, spiral ganglion neurons vascular striatum by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting release factors, regulating expression apoptosis-related proteins. addition, some enhance anti-tumour effect while antagonizing ototoxicity.Although show good application prospects prevention treatment ototoxicity, there are still problems that need be solved, low bioavailability polyphenols, action has not yet been fully elucidated, optimal dosing regimen determined, whether any superimposed combining types oral exert an otoprotective through regulation intestinal flora intestinal-auricular axis.This study provides new insights into drug candidates for CIO summarising cytotoxic mechanisms targeting these order retard progression CIO. It ideas approaches next step focusing development low-toxic control ototoxicity.

Language: Английский