Association of blood cadmium levels with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective cohort study DOI Creative Commons

Congxi Xu,

Zhi Li, Shirui Hao

et al.

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 4, 2025

Background Cadmium (Cd) accumulates in the body over time, damaging organs such as liver, kidneys, and brain. Some researchers have suggested that elevated blood Cd levels may contribute to onset progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, only a few studies explored relationship between exposure long-term health outcomes patients with NAFLD. This study aimed evaluate predictive value cadmium for mortality risk Methods analyzed data from 13,450 NAFLD National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, covering years 1999 2018. Patients were categorized into three groups based on their levels. The concentrations all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression while accounting potential confounders. Results visualized Kaplan–Meier restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves. Stratified analyses performed validation robustness results. After adjusting all covariates, positively associated NAFLD, showing significant linear dose–response relationship. Specifically, each unit increase Log-transformed concentration, all-cause increased by 191% (HR = 2.91, 95% CI: 2.39–3.53); cardiovascular 160% 2.6, 1.80–3.76); 279% 3.79, 2.54–5.65). analysis confirmed these findings. Conclusion Our suggests high Blood adversely affect prognosis Individuals should be aware take preventive measures. Moreover, stricter environmental protection policies necessary reduce exposure.

Language: Английский

Association of blood cadmium levels with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective cohort study DOI Creative Commons

Congxi Xu,

Zhi Li, Shirui Hao

et al.

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 4, 2025

Background Cadmium (Cd) accumulates in the body over time, damaging organs such as liver, kidneys, and brain. Some researchers have suggested that elevated blood Cd levels may contribute to onset progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, only a few studies explored relationship between exposure long-term health outcomes patients with NAFLD. This study aimed evaluate predictive value cadmium for mortality risk Methods analyzed data from 13,450 NAFLD National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, covering years 1999 2018. Patients were categorized into three groups based on their levels. The concentrations all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression while accounting potential confounders. Results visualized Kaplan–Meier restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves. Stratified analyses performed validation robustness results. After adjusting all covariates, positively associated NAFLD, showing significant linear dose–response relationship. Specifically, each unit increase Log-transformed concentration, all-cause increased by 191% (HR = 2.91, 95% CI: 2.39–3.53); cardiovascular 160% 2.6, 1.80–3.76); 279% 3.79, 2.54–5.65). analysis confirmed these findings. Conclusion Our suggests high Blood adversely affect prognosis Individuals should be aware take preventive measures. Moreover, stricter environmental protection policies necessary reduce exposure.

Language: Английский

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