Sexual size dimorphism correlates with the number of androgen response in mammals, but only in small-bodied species DOI Creative Commons

Caleb R. Ghione,

Matthew D. Dean

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 12, 2024

Abstract Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is common throughout the animal kingdom. “Rensch’s Rule” was proposed nearly 80 years ago, named for observation that magnitude of SSD in male-larger species increased with average body size. Here we re-examine this trend across 268 mammalian full genome assemblies and annotations, place evolution context androgen response elements or estrogen elements, DNA motifs to which sex hormone receptors bind. Hormone provide intuitive mechanisms sex-specific regulation could greatly impact SSD. We find three relatively large-bodied lineages (orders Carnivora, Cetartiodactyla, Primates) follow Rensch’s Rule, does not correlate number receptor elements. In contrast, small-bodied (Chiroptera Rodentia) correlates but overall One hypothesis unify our observations organisms like bats rodents tend reach peak reproductive fitness quickly are more reliant on hormonal signaling achieve over short time periods. Our study uncovers a previously unappreciated relationship between SSD, size, likely varies ways related life history.

Language: Английский

Effects of testosterone on gene expression are concordant between sexes but divergent across species of Sceloporus lizards DOI
Christopher D. Robinson, Matthew D. Hale, Christian L. Cox

et al.

The American Naturalist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 204(5), P. 517 - 532

Published: July 15, 2024

AbstractHormones mediate sexual dimorphism by regulating sex-specific patterns of gene expression, but it is unclear how much this regulation involves hormone levels versus transcriptomic responses to the same hormonal signal. Moreover, hormones can evolve, extent which pleiotropy in conserved across closely related species not well understood. We addressed these issues elevating testosterone juvenile females and males three

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Species differences in hormonally mediated gene expression underlie the evolutionary loss of sexually dimorphic coloration in Sceloporus lizards DOI
Christopher D. Robinson, Matthew D. Hale, Tyler N. Wittman

et al.

Journal of Heredity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 114(6), P. 637 - 653

Published: July 27, 2023

Abstract Phenotypic sexual dimorphism often involves the hormonal regulation of sex-biased expression for underlying genes. However, it is generally unknown whether evolution hormonally mediated occurs through upstream changes in tissue sensitivity to hormone signals, downstream responsiveness target genes, or both. Here, we use comparative transcriptomics explore these possibilities 2 species Sceloporus lizards exhibiting different patterns dichromatism. Sexually dimorphic S. undulatus develops blue and black ventral coloration response testosterone, while sexually monomorphic virgatus does not, despite similar sex differences circulating testosterone levels. We administered implants juveniles each used RNAseq quantify gene skin. Transcriptome-wide responses were stronger than virgatus, suggesting this signal. Species genes androgen metabolism hormone-binding globulin consistent with idea, but receptor was higher complicating interpretation. Downstream signaling, found clear related melanin synthesis, which upregulated by undulatus, not virgatus. Collectively, our results indicate that synthesis pathways contributes development contribute evolutionary loss coloration.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Neuroendocrinology of reptilian reproductive behavior DOI
Michele A. Johnson, Rachel E. Cohen,

Juli Wade

et al.

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 35 - 61

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Complex ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in a female‐larger gecko: Implications of determinate growth for lizard body size and life‐history evolution DOI Creative Commons
Brandon Meter, Lukáš Kratochvíl, Zuzana Starostová

et al.

Evolution & Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(5)

Published: Aug. 11, 2024

Abstract Ectothermic vertebrates such as reptiles were assumed to be indeterminate growers, which means that there is no terminal point in time or size for growth their lifetime. In recent years, evidence the determinate nature of lizards has accumulated, necessitating a re‐examination models ontogeny and evolution sexual dimorphism (SSD). female‐larger gecko Paroedura vazimba , we monitored post‐embryonic over period 15 months. After hatching, females grew faster than males but also reached final body size, is, closed vertebrae, earlier males. The closure bone correlates with onset reproductive maturation. We compared this pattern previously minutely studied, male‐larger species picta where documented well. propose model explain evolutionary switches direction SSD based on bipotential effects ovarian hormones growth. model, male require male‐specific modifier, sex‐limited hormonal regulators, while feminized by females. Low levels can promote growth, high associated maturation organs senescence plates thus cessation suggest life‐history many should acknowledge

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Evolutionary Loss of Male-Specific Coloration Is Associated with the Loss of Androgen Receptor Expression in Skin of Sceloporus Lizards DOI
Christopher D. Robinson, Matthew R. Milnes, Ian T. Clifton

et al.

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 97(5), P. 315 - 325

Published: Aug. 15, 2024

AbstractHormones can induce trait development in one species yet have no effect on the same a closely related species, but mechanisms underlying these differences are unclear. Here, we compare two lizard to explore cellular associated with evolutionary loss of hormonally mediated ventral coloration. The eastern fence (

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Sexual size dimorphism correlates with the number of androgen response in mammals, but only in small-bodied species DOI Creative Commons

Caleb R. Ghione,

Matthew D. Dean

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 12, 2024

Abstract Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is common throughout the animal kingdom. “Rensch’s Rule” was proposed nearly 80 years ago, named for observation that magnitude of SSD in male-larger species increased with average body size. Here we re-examine this trend across 268 mammalian full genome assemblies and annotations, place evolution context androgen response elements or estrogen elements, DNA motifs to which sex hormone receptors bind. Hormone provide intuitive mechanisms sex-specific regulation could greatly impact SSD. We find three relatively large-bodied lineages (orders Carnivora, Cetartiodactyla, Primates) follow Rensch’s Rule, does not correlate number receptor elements. In contrast, small-bodied (Chiroptera Rodentia) correlates but overall One hypothesis unify our observations organisms like bats rodents tend reach peak reproductive fitness quickly are more reliant on hormonal signaling achieve over short time periods. Our study uncovers a previously unappreciated relationship between SSD, size, likely varies ways related life history.

Language: Английский

Citations

0