Limited variation in microbial communities across populations ofMacrostelesleafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2024

Summary Microbial symbionts play important roles in insect biology, but their diversity, distribution, and dynamics over time across host populations are poorly understood. We surveyed the spatio-temporal distribution of bacterial broadly distributed economically significant leafhopper genus Macrosteles , with emphasis on laevis using symbiont marker gene amplicon sequencing. The cytochrome oxidase I (COI) data revealed no strong genetic differentiation M. populations, levels heteroplasmy, multiple cases parasitoid infections. 16S rRNA confirmed universal presence ancient nutritional endosymbionts Sulcia Nasuia a high prevalence Arsenophonus . Interestingly, contrast to most previously species, we found only occasional infection facultative other bacteria. There was variation or among sampling years for same population. Facultative including Rickettsia Wolbachia Cardinium Lariskella were more common species. Combined, our demonstrate that not all species show clear spatial temporal structure microbial prevalence. However, simultaneous characterization amplicons large collections can help understand host-microbe interactions.

Language: Английский

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With a little help from my friends: the roles of microbial symbionts in insect populations and communities.

Published: Oct. 4, 2023

To understand insect abundance, distribution, and dynamics, we need to the relevant drivers of their populations communities. While microbial symbionts are known affect many aspects biology, research on ecological evolutionary importance for wild non-model insects is scarce. We still far from understanding spatio-temporal dynamics symbioses in natural communities, symbiont effects or insects’ responses at different timescales. Also, can only wonder how these change as anthropogenic ecosystems intensify. However, recent developments sequencing bioinformatics permit cost-effective diversity surveys, tracking transmission, identification functions across multi-species helping us address questions.In this review, explore functional categories influence biology levels, could alter interactions among species, plausibly processes level entire argue that insect-associated microbes should be considered likely essential response adaptation environmental challenges opportunities. also outline emerging approaches surveying characterizing microbiota population community scales.

Language: Английский

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Functional and Compositional Changes in Sirex noctilio Gut Microbiome in Different Habitats: Unraveling the Complexity of Invasive Adaptation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 2526 - 2526

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

The mutualistic symbiosis relationship between the gut microbiome and their insect hosts has attracted much scientific attention. native woodwasp, Sirex nitobei, invasive European noctilio, are two pests that infest pines in northeastern China. Following its encounter with species, however, there is a lack of research on whether S. noctilio changed, what causes contributed to these alterations, changes were more conducive colonization. We used high-throughput metatranscriptomic sequencing investigate larval frass from four sites where only both species investigated effects environmental factors, biological interactions, ecological processes microbial community assembly. Amplicon revealed differential patterns bacterial fungal composition functional prediction. diversity was essentially higher coexistence than separate existence sites, most predictions significantly different as well. Moreover, temperature precipitation positively correlate highly abundant genera. Source-tracking analysis showed larvae at remain dependent adult transmission (vertical transmission) or recruitment (horizontal transmission). Meanwhile, stochastic drift dispersal limitation also have important impacts assembly microbiome, especially sites. In summary, our results reveal potential role successful colonization better adaptation environment.

Language: Английский

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Facultatively intrabacterial localization of a planthopper endosymbiont as an adaptation to its vertical transmission

mSystems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(7)

Published: June 27, 2024

Transovarial transmission is the most reliable way of passing on essential nutrient-providing endosymbionts from mothers to offspring. However, not all endosymbiotic microbes follow complex path through female host tissues oocytes their own. Here, we demonstrate an unusual strategy adopted by one planthopper

Language: Английский

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Domestication and evolutionary histories of specialized gut symbionts across cephalotine ants

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33(15)

Published: July 15, 2024

The evolution of animals and their gut symbionts is a complex phenomenon, obscured by lability diversity. In social organisms, transmission among relatives may yield systems with more stable associations. Here, we study the history insect symbiosis involving cephalotine ants extracellular bacteria, which come predominantly from host-specialized lineages. We perform multi-locus phylogenetics for nine bacterial orders, map prior amplicon sequence data to lineage-assigned symbiont genomes, studying distributions rigorously defined across 20 host species. Based on monophyly additional hypothesis testing, estimate that these specialized bacteria belong 18 distinct lineages, 15 have been successfully isolated cultured. Several lineages showed evidence domestication events occurred later in evolutionary history, only one lineage was ubiquitously detected all species 48 colonies sampled 16S rRNA sequencing. found phylogenetically constrained four symbionts, suggesting historical or genetic impacts community composition. Two frequent intra-lineage co-infections, highlighting potential niche divergence after initial domestication. Nearly occasional switching, but may, often, co-diversify hosts. Through our further assessment localization genomic functional profiles, demonstrate niches shared histories, prompting questions forces underlying hosts microbiomes.

Language: Английский

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Host trees partially explain the complex bacterial communities of two threatened saproxylic beetles

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 24, 2024

Microorganisms are integral to ecosystem functioning and host adaptation, yet the understanding of microbiomes in diverse beetle taxa remains limited. We conducted a comprehensive study investigate microbial composition two red flat bark species, Cucujus haematodes C. cinnaberinus, assessed influence taxonomic relatedness tree species on their microbiomes. Moreover, we summarize available data microbiome saproxylic beetles as reference. sampled 67 larvae taken from eleven species. 16S rRNA V4 fragment sequencing revealed distinct communities associated with each significantly influencing composition. Alpha beta diversity metrics indicated significant differences between both, Principal Component Analysis clustering based but not for This overlap could be attributed similar ecology both The detection various bacteria, among which some have already been reported saproxylophagous beetles, suggests that ingest bacteria via foraging other wood-dwelling invertebrates. Our findings show complex interplay taxonomy, microhabitat, Cucujus, providing insights into ecological roles conservation implications. research helps fill gap dynamics sheds light factors shaping microbiomes, highlights importance considering environmental conditions when studying insect-microbe interactions forest ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenomics resolves the relationship and the evolutionary history of planthoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 26, 2024

Abstract Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) are a species-rich and globally distributed insect clade with high economic, ecological, evolutionary importance. However, the relationships among planthopper lineages families remain unclear. Previous efforts based on inconsistent morphological traits, few genes, or limited sampling often resulted in conflicting tree topologies. Here, we used genome-level data to assemble 1164 nuclear single-copy genes 13 mitochondrial protein-coding for 149 species representing 19 out of 21 extant families. Additional markers were added from published mitogenomes, expanding our 285 species. These Maximum Likelihood-based inference dating analyses. The newly inferred phylogenies validated well-accepted recovered novel placements. Taxonomic conclusions include establishment new family Borysthenidae stat. rev. within Delphacoidea superfamily Meenoploidea superfam. nov. including redefined Kinnaridae Meenoplidae , confirmation monophyletic Achilixiidae outside Achilidae-Derbidae clade, transfer tribes Lyncidini Amyclini Dictyopharidae genus Madagascaritia Fulgoridae. time analyses 57 30 fossils dated origin crown Fulgoromorpha back Guadalupian, Permian (∼263 Ma), close maximum constraint at 267.3 Ma, while applying an older root Mississippian, Carboniferous (∼332 Ma). While future unstudied fauna unexplored regions habitats may change topology, current phylogenomic analysis will serve as solid foundation research into ecology, evolution, significance.

Language: Английский

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Estudio de los endosimbiontes obligados, “yeast-like symbionts”, en la especie vectora Delphacodes kuscheli (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Published: July 31, 2024

Los insectos establecen una amplia variedad de interacciones simbióticas con microorganismos, abarcando un espectro continuo y dinámico que va desde el mutualismo hasta parasitismo. En este contexto, los del orden Hemiptera, suborden Auchenorrhyncha, se alimentan la savia xilema o floema las plantas, destacan por establecer mutualistas obligadas principalmente bacterias. Estos microorganismos denominan endosimbiontes, ya residen dentro tejidos células especializadas hospedero desempeñan papel crucial al complementar dietas nutricionalmente deficientes insectos. Por motivo, también llama endosimbiontes nutricionales. particular, representantes familia Delphacidae (subfamilia: Delphacinae) distinguen porque sus obligados son hongos levaduriformes, conocidos como yeast-like symbionts (YLS). YLS alojan en cuerpo graso abdominal transfieren a descendencia forma transovarial, lo cual, encuentran todas etapas desarrollo Anotaciones genes metabólicos delfácido Nilaparvata lugens, importante plaga arroz Asia, revelaron estos le proporcionan funciones complementarias insecto menos tres aspectos: síntesis aminoácidos esenciales, reciclaje nitrógeno esteroles. Argentina, Delphacodes kuscheli es principal especie vectora Mal Río Cuarto maíz, enfermedad viral afecta severamente cultivo. Dado manipulación viven simbiosis recurso escasamente explorado puede ser usado control plagas, objetivo general trabajo tesis fue evaluar respuesta biológica D. ante reducción YLS. A su vez, nutricionales defensa hospederos contra enemigos naturales no ha sido estudiado profundidad nunca investigado particular fúngicos, propuso capacidad biocida hongo entomopatógeno Beauveria bassiana hospedero. Para abarcar general, desarrollaron cuatro objetivos particulares detallados capítulos 2 5. capítulo 2, desarrollar métodos efectivos específicos para reducir número kuscheli. lograrlo, testearon siguientes fungicidas sistémicos: protioconazol (Brumby® 480 SC, Bayer CropScience) (P), trifloxistrobin (CRIPTON® (PT), piraclostrobin epoxiconazol (Opera®, BASF) (PE), piraclostrobin, fluxapiroxad (Orquesta® Ultra, (PEF), picoxistrobin ciproconazol (Stinger® DuPont Agro) (PC) tebuconazol (Tebuconazol® Nufarm) (T). mismos fueron aplicados sobre plantas avena alimentó cuantificó distintos estados (ninfas adultos) estadios III IV) insecto. La combinación más exitosa adultos obtener así subsimbióticos utilizando P, PT PC tercer estadio ninfal, logrando 80% hembras 59% machos. 3, evaluó efecto parámetros biológicos resultados obtenidos mostraron YLS, disminuyó supervivencia aumentó tiempo peso largo hembras, extendió longevidad total pero modificó adultos, concentración ácido úrico (producto desecho metabolismo metabolizado YLS), aclaró cambiaron patrones coloración cutícula fecundidad fertilidad. aportes conjunto, contribuyen comprender importancia éxito maíz. 4, comportamiento alimentario esto, aplicó técnica Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) permitió analizar cuantificar exploración, prueba e ingestión floemática realizaron mediante inserción estiletes alimentaron. Se observó subsimbióticas demoraron mayor cantidad realizar primera tejido vegetal lograr floema. permanecieron ingiriendo floemática. través esta metodología, obtuvo información interacción entre planta hospedera subsimbióticos, mostrando selección explotación nutricional, solo está determinada capacidades metabólicas propios insectos, sino posiblemente asociados. 5 B. bassiana. esto primer término encontrar fungicida compatible dos aislados (CEP147 CEP002) vez redujera seleccionó obtención compatibilidad fúngicos ensayos patogenicidad virulencia in vivo aplicando suspensión conidios ambos probabilidad muerte menor aquellos carga natural expuestos comparación subsimbióticos. desafían concepción convencional presencia confiere resistencia patógenos. parece haber desencadenado respuestas mejoraron enfrentar infección síntesis, presente exploraron diferentes aspectos (YLS) podrían utilizados potenciales estrategias impacto maíz región. considera metodologías técnicas seleccionadas cumplir propuestos, ajustarse aplicarse estudio otras especies delfácidos entomopatógenos.

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Friendly Fungi: Tropical Insect Families Form Partnerships with Intracellular Fungi Related to Pathogens

iScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(9), P. 110674 - 110674

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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Accelerated pseudogenization in ancient endosymbionts of giant scale insects

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 27, 2024

Symbiotic microorganisms are subject to a complex interplay of environmental and population-genetic pressures that drive their gene loss. Despite the widely held perception ancient symbionts have stable genomes, even tiny genomes experience ongoing pseudogenization. Whether these also bursts rapid loss is, however, less understood. Giant scale insects (Monophlebidae) feed on plant sap rely symbiotic bacterium Walczuchella which provides them with essential nutrients. When compared other similar genome sizes such as Karelsulcia, ’s was previously reported unusually pseudogene-rich (10 % coding sequences). However, this result based only one assembly raising questions about quality or recent ecological shift co-symbiont acquisition driving Here, we generated six complete from three genera giant scales, each distinct co-symbiotic partners. We show all highly degraded particularly genes related cellular envelope energy metabolism seem be Apart general mechanisms reduction long-term intracellular lifestyle transmission bottlenecks, hypothesize more profound DNA replication repair together co-obligate symbiont acquisitions likely contribute accelerated degradation genomes. Our results highlight small can significant when stochastic processes erase accelerates selection pressure changes after cosymbiont acquisition.

Language: Английский

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